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- 2024
- Working Paper
Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization
This paper introduces Incrementality Representation Learning (IRL), a novel multitask representation learning framework that predicts heterogeneous causal effects of marketing interventions. By leveraging past experiments, IRL efficiently designs and targets...
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Keywords:
Heterogeneous Treatment Effect;
Multi-task Learning;
Representation Learning;
Personalization;
Promotion;
Deep Learning;
Field Experiments;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customization and Personalization
Huang, Ta-Wei, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-076, June 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Don’t Expect Juniors to Teach Senior Professionals to Use Generative AI: Emerging Technology Risks and Novice AI Risk Mitigation Tactics
By: Katherine C. Kellogg, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Steven Randazzo, Ethan Mollick, Frabrizio Dell'Acqua, Edward McFowland III, François Candelon and Karim R. Lakhani
The literature on communities of practice demonstrates that a proven way for senior professionals to upskill
themselves in the use of new technologies that undermine existing expertise is to learn from junior
professionals. It notes that juniors may be better able...
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Kellogg, Katherine C., Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, Steven Randazzo, Ethan Mollick, Frabrizio Dell'Acqua, Edward McFowland III, François Candelon, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Don’t Expect Juniors to Teach Senior Professionals to Use Generative AI: Emerging Technology Risks and Novice AI Risk Mitigation Tactics." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-074, June 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Winner Take All: Exploiting Asymmetry in Factorial Designs
By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Iavor I. Bojinov and Fiammetta Menchetti
Researchers and practitioners have embraced factorial experiments to simultaneously test multiple treatments, each with different levels. With the rise of technologies like Generative AI, factorial experimentation has become even more accessible: it is easier than ever...
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Keywords:
Factorial Designs;
Fisher Randomizations;
Rank Estimators;
Employer Interventions;
Causal Inference;
Mathematical Methods;
Performance Improvement
DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Iavor I. Bojinov, and Fiammetta Menchetti. "Winner Take All: Exploiting Asymmetry in Factorial Designs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-075, June 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI
By: Pierre Azoulay, Joshua L. Krieger and Abhishek Nagaraj
Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping generative AI advances. Central to our analysis are the concepts of appropriability—whether firms in the industry are able to control the knowledge generated...
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Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua L. Krieger, and Abhishek Nagaraj. "Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 7442, May 2024.
- May 2024
- Article
True Costs of Uterine Artery Embolization: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in Interventional Radiology Over a 3-Year Period
By: Julia C. Bulman, Nicole H. Kim, Robert S. Kaplan, Sarah Schroeppel DeBacker, Olga R. Brook and Ammar Sarwar
The study used time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to estimate the costs to perform uterine artery embolization (UAE). Utilization times for patients undergoing outpatient UAE for fibroids or adenomyosis were captured from electronic health record timestamps and...
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Bulman, Julia C., Nicole H. Kim, Robert S. Kaplan, Sarah Schroeppel DeBacker, Olga R. Brook, and Ammar Sarwar. "True Costs of Uterine Artery Embolization: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing in Interventional Radiology Over a 3-Year Period." Journal of the American College of Radiology 21, no. 5 (May 2024): 721–728.
- April 2024
- Article
An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity
By: Anne-Claire Pache, Julie Battilana and Channing Spencer
Hybrid organizations must sustainably attend to multiple goals embedded in different institutional spheres. Past research has highlighted the value for hybrids in recruiting board members representing different logics to avoid attentional drifts; yet, diverse boards...
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Pache, Anne-Claire, Julie Battilana, and Channing Spencer. "An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity." Academy of Management Journal 67, no. 2 (April 2024): 437–467.
- February 9, 2024
- Article
Addressing Climate Change with Behavioral Science: A Global Intervention Tournament in 63 Countries
By: Madalina Vlasceanu, Kimberly C. Doell, Joseph B. Bak-Coleman, Boryana Todorova, Michael M. Berkebile-Weinberg, Amit Goldenberg, Eric Shuman and et al.
Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate...
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Keywords:
Climate Change;
Motivation and Incentives;
Behavior;
Policy;
Knowledge Sharing;
Values and Beliefs
Vlasceanu, Madalina, Kimberly C. Doell, Joseph B. Bak-Coleman, Boryana Todorova, Michael M. Berkebile-Weinberg, Amit Goldenberg, Eric Shuman, and et al. "Addressing Climate Change with Behavioral Science: A Global Intervention Tournament in 63 Countries." Science Advances 10, no. 6 (February 9, 2024).
- 2024
- Working Paper
Warnings and Endorsements: Improving Human-AI Collaboration Under Covariate Shift
By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo and Kris Ferreira
Problem definition: While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms may perform well on data that are representative of the training set (inliers), they may err when extrapolating on non-representative data (outliers). These outliers often originate from covariate shift,...
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DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, and Kris Ferreira. "Warnings and Endorsements: Improving Human-AI Collaboration Under Covariate Shift." Working Paper, February 2024.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Debiasing Treatment Effect Estimation for Privacy-Protected Data: A Model Auditing and Calibration Approach
By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
Data-driven targeted interventions have become a powerful tool for organizations to optimize business outcomes
by utilizing individual-level data from experiments. A key element of this process is the estimation
of Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATE), which...
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Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "Debiasing Treatment Effect Estimation for Privacy-Protected Data: A Model Auditing and Calibration Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-034, December 2023.
- 2023
- Chapter
Malleability Interventions in Intergroup Relations
By: Smadar Cohen-Chen, Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross and Eran Halperin
One important characteristic of intergroup relations and conflicts is the fact that toxic or violent intergroup relations are often associated with fixed and stable perceptions of various entities, including the ingroup (stable and positive), the outgroup (stable and...
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Cohen-Chen, Smadar, Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross, and Eran Halperin. "Malleability Interventions in Intergroup Relations." Chap. 7 in Psychological Intergroup Interventions: Evidence-based Approaches to Improve Intergroup Relations, by Eran Halperin, Boaz Hameiri, and Rebecca Littman. Routledge, 2023.
- November 2023
- Article
Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools
By: Julian De Freitas, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt and N. Haslam
What are the psychological factors driving attitudes toward AI tools, and how can resistance to AI systems be overcome when they are beneficial? In this perspective, we first organize the main sources of resistance into five main categories: opacity, emotionlessness,...
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De Freitas, Julian, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt, and N. Haslam. "Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 11 (November 2023): 1845–1854.
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Buy-In Effect: When Increasing Initial Effort Motivates Behavioral Follow-Through
By: Holly Dykstra, Shibeal O'Flaherty and A.V. Whillans
Behavioral interventions often focus on reducing friction to encourage behavior change. In
contrast, we provide evidence that adding friction can promote long-term behavior change when
behaviors involve repeated costly efforts over longer time horizons. In...
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Dykstra, Holly, Shibeal O'Flaherty, and A.V. Whillans. "The Buy-In Effect: When Increasing Initial Effort Motivates Behavioral Follow-Through." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-020, October 2023.
- October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
- Technical Note
Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions
By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei (David) Huang
Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting...
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Keywords:
Marketing;
Customer Relationship Management;
Analysis;
Design;
Business Strategy;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Technology Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Telecommunications Industry
Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei (David) Huang. "Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions." Harvard Business School Technical Note 524-034, October 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Emotion Regulation Contagion
By: Michael Pinus, Eran Halperin, Yajun Cao, Alin Coman, James Gross and Amit Goldenberg
In intergroup conflicts, emotion regulation interventions can decrease negative intergroup emotions and increase support for concessions. However, it is usually infeasible to provide emotion regulation interventions to everyone in a population of interest. This raises...
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Pinus, Michael, Eran Halperin, Yajun Cao, Alin Coman, James Gross, and Amit Goldenberg. "Emotion Regulation Contagion." Working Paper, October 2023. (OSF Preprint.)
- September 2023
- Supplement
Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions
By: Eva Ascarza
Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting...
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- September 2023
- Article
Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy: Experimental Evidence from Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
By: Vincenzo Galasso, Vincent Pons, Paola Profeta, Martin McKee, David Stuckler, Michael Becher, Sylvain Brouard and Martial Foucault
We study the impact of public health messages on intentions to vaccinate and vaccination uptakes, especially among hesitant groups. We performed an experiment comparing the effects of egoistic and altruistic messages on COVID-19 vaccine intentions and behaviour. We...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Vaccination;
Vaccine Hesitancy;
Information Campaigns;
Health Pandemics;
Behavior;
Information
Galasso, Vincenzo, Vincent Pons, Paola Profeta, Martin McKee, David Stuckler, Michael Becher, Sylvain Brouard, and Martial Foucault. "Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy: Experimental Evidence from Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 9 (September 2023).
- September–October 2023
- Article
The New Era of Industrial Policy Is Here
By: Willy C. Shih
Governments around the world are increasingly intervening in the private sector through industrial policies designed to help domestic sectors reach goals that markets alone are unlikely to achieve. Companies in targeted sectors—such as automakers, energy companies, and...
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Keywords:
Policy;
Government and Politics;
Business and Government Relations;
Research and Development;
Economic Sectors
Shih, Willy C. "The New Era of Industrial Policy Is Here." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 5 (September–October 2023): 66–75.
- July 2023
- Article
Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users
By: Jonas P. Schöne, David Garcia, Brian Parkinson and Amit Goldenberg
Social media users tend to produce content that contains more positive than negative emotional language. However, negative emotional language is more likely to be shared. To understand why, research has thus far focused on psychological processes associated with...
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Schöne, Jonas P., David Garcia, Brian Parkinson, and Amit Goldenberg. "Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users." PNAS Nexus 2, no. 7 (July 2023).
- Summer 2023
- Article
Do Policies to Increase Access to Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Work?
By: Eric Barrette, Leemore S. Dafny and Karen Shen
Even among commercially insured individuals, opioid use disorder is undertreated in the United States: nearly half receive no treatment within six months of a new diagnosis. Using a difference-in-differences specification exploiting the extension of insurance parity...
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Keywords:
Opioid Treatment;
Medication-assisted Treatment;
Substance Use Disorder;
Private Insurance;
Insurance;
Health Care and Treatment
Barrette, Eric, Leemore S. Dafny, and Karen Shen. "Do Policies to Increase Access to Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Work?" American Journal of Health Economics 9, no. 3 (Summer 2023): 297–330.
- June 2023
- Simulation
Artea Dashboard and Targeting Policy Evaluation
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
Companies deploy A/B experiments to gain valuable insights about their customers in order to answer strategic business problems. In marketing, A/B tests are often used to evaluate marketing interventions intended to generate incremental outcomes for the firm. The Artea...
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Keywords:
Algorithm Bias;
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Experimentation;
Promotion;
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Pricing Algorithms;
A/B Testing;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Base Analysis;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Coupons;
Marketing;
Race;
Gender;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Marketing Communications;
Advertising;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States