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All HBS Web
(3,659)
- People (18)
- News (932)
- Research (1,829)
- Events (16)
- Multimedia (22)
- Faculty Publications (650)
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Hybrid work is emerging as a novel form of organizing work globally. This paper reports causal evidence on how the extent of hybrid work—the number of days worked from home relative to days worked from the office—affects work outcomes. Collaborating with an...
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Keywords:
Hybrid Work;
Remote Work;
Work-from-home;
Field Experiment;
Employees;
Geographic Location;
Performance;
Work-Life Balance
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Kyle Schirmann. "Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-063, March 2022.
- December 2015
- Article
Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises
By: Julie Battilana, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache and Jacob Model
We examine the factors that influence the social performance of hybrid organizations that pursue a social mission, and sustain their operations through commercial activities, by studying work integration social enterprises (WISEs). We argue that social imprinting and...
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Keywords:
Hybrid Organizations;
Social Enterprise;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Organizations;
Performance Productivity
Battilana, Julie, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache, and Jacob Model. "Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 6 (December 2015): 1658–1685.
- June 28, 2021
- Article
4 Imperatives for Managing in a Hybrid World
By: Kalle Heikkinen, William R. Kerr, Mika Malin and Panu Routila
As more and more companies turn to a hybrid model of work more than a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, what challenges are leaders likely to face when managing people both in the office and remotely? Interviews with 38 executives in Nordic countries point to four main...
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Heikkinen, Kalle, William R. Kerr, Mika Malin, and Panu Routila. "4 Imperatives for Managing in a Hybrid World." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (June 28, 2021).
- September 2023
- Technical Note
Work Arrangements in the Post-Pandemic World
By: Leslie A. Perlow and Salvatore J. Affinito
Whether you are choosing your job based on geographic location, work arrangements (i.e., fully in-person, hybrid, fully virtual), or other unrelated factors (e.g., career, family, partner, hobbies), in the post-pandemic world you will likely be surrounded by people...
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- 01 Feb 2023
- What Do You Think?
Will Hybrid Work Strategies Pull Down Long-Term Performance?
hybrid—version that gained acceptance (at least for coders) in tech companies like Cisco Systems and Sun Microsystems 30 years ago. The pandemic surge in work-from-home has morphed in some organizations into hybrid View Details
Keywords:
by James Heskett
- April 2024
- Article
An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity
By: Anne-Claire Pache, Julie Battilana and Channing Spencer
Hybrid organizations must sustainably attend to multiple goals embedded in different institutional spheres. Past research has highlighted the value for hybrids in recruiting board members representing different logics to avoid attentional drifts; yet, diverse boards...
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Pache, Anne-Claire, Julie Battilana, and Channing Spencer. "An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity." Academy of Management Journal 67, no. 2 (April 2024): 437–467.
- September 28, 2021
- Article
12 Questions About Hybrid Work, Answered
By: Tsedal Neeley
As we move into the next phase of the pandemic, companies are grappling with whether and how to bring their employees back into the office after working from home extensively. According to multiple surveys, most people want a mix of in-person and remote work, and some...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Remote Work;
Transition;
Employees;
Job Design and Levels;
Organizational Structure
Neeley, Tsedal. "12 Questions About Hybrid Work, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 28, 2021).
- October 2004 (Revised September 2005)
- Supplement
Sonoco Products Company (B): The Hybrid Model
By: David A. Thomas, Boris Groysberg and Cate Reavis
Supplements the (A) case.
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Thomas, David A., Boris Groysberg, and Cate Reavis. "Sonoco Products Company (B): The Hybrid Model." Harvard Business School Supplement 405-010, October 2004. (Revised September 2005.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space
By: Stephen Hansen, Peter John Lambert, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun and Bledi Taska
The pandemic catalyzed an enduring shift to remote work. To measure and characterize
this shift, we examine more than 250 million job vacancy postings across five
English-speaking countries. Our measurements rely on a state-of-the-art language-processing
framework...
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Keywords:
Remote Work;
Hybrid Work;
Work From Home (WFH);
Pandemic;
Labor Market;
Job Search;
Job Design and Levels;
Trends
Hansen, Stephen, Peter John Lambert, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun, and Bledi Taska. "Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31007, March 2023. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-059, March 2023.)
- 22 Oct 2021
- Research & Ideas
Want Hybrid Work to Succeed? Trust, Don’t Track, Employees
The COVID-19 pandemic made remote work more the norm than the exception, and now many companies are struggling to map out a hybrid plan that both managers and employees can embrace long term. With...
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Keywords:
by Michael Blanding
- 06 Sep 2022
- Research & Ideas
Does Hybrid Work Actually Work? Insights from 30,000 Emails
ideal solution, according to a new working paper, might be a compromise: Hybrid schedules in which employees roughly split their workweeks between the home and office appear to View Details
Keywords:
by Ben Rand
- Column
The Changing Geography of Work: Priorities for Policy Makers
The COVID-19 pandemic thrust the issue of how and where we work into the spotlight. The adoption of remote and hybrid work increased exponentially as lockdowns necessitated social distancing. But now, as we enter a new phase of the pandemic, the Geography of Work—where...
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Keywords:
Remote Work;
Hybrid Work Model;
Work-from-anywhere;
Employees;
Geographic Location;
Policy
Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "The Changing Geography of Work: Priorities for Policy Makers." OECD Forum Network (December 6, 2021).
- Research Summary
Hybrid organizing
By: Julie Battilana
While historically the commercial and social sectors have evolved on fairly separate tracks, over the last 30 years we have witnessed a blurring of the boundaries between these two sectors. In an effort to account for this transition, Professor Battilana’s second... View Details
- 2023
- Article
MoPe: Model Perturbation-based Privacy Attacks on Language Models
By: Marvin Li, Jason Wang, Jeffrey Wang and Seth Neel
Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can unintentionally leak sensitive information present in their training data. In this paper, we present Model Perturbations (MoPe), a new method to identify with high confidence if a given text is in the training...
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Li, Marvin, Jason Wang, Jeffrey Wang, and Seth Neel. "MoPe: Model Perturbation-based Privacy Attacks on Language Models." Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2023): 13647–13660.
- 2013
- Working Paper
How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures
By: Matthew Lee and Julie Battilana
Hybrid organizations that combine multiple, existing organizational forms are frequently proposed as a source of organizational innovation, yet little is known about the origins of such organizations. We propose that individual founders of hybrid organizations acquire...
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Keywords:
Hybrid Organizations;
Imprinting;
Institutional Theory;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Organizations
Lee, Matthew, and Julie Battilana. "How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-005, July 2013.
- February 2014
- Article
Toward a Model of Work Redesign for Better Work and Better Life
By: Leslie A. Perlow and Erin L. Kelly
Flexible work accommodations provided by employers purport to help individuals struggling to manage work and family demands. The underlying model for change is accommodation—helping individuals accommodate their work demands with no changes in the structure of work or...
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Perlow, Leslie A., and Erin L. Kelly. "Toward a Model of Work Redesign for Better Work and Better Life." Work and Occupations 41, no. 1 (February 2014): 111–134.
- Forthcoming
- Article
Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment
This paper reports causal evidence on how the extent of hybrid work—the number of days worked from home relative to days worked from office—affects employee attitudes and performance. Workers who spent around two days in the office each week on average self-reported...
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Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Kyle Schirmann. "Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Review of Economics and Statistics (forthcoming). (Pre-published online February 9, 2024.)
- 2017
- Chapter
On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research
By: Julie Battilana, Marya Besharov and Bjoern Mitzinneck
The purpose of this chapter is to advance research on hybrids by bringing together work from these multiple perspectives; identifying common themes in the antecedents, challenges, opportunities, and management strategies associated with hybridity and highlighting...
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Battilana, Julie, Marya Besharov, and Bjoern Mitzinneck. "On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research." Chap. 5 in The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. 2nd ed. Edited by Royston Greenwood, Christine Oliver, Thomas B. Lawrence, and Renate E. Meyer, 128–162. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2017.
- 2014
- Article
The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations
By: Alnoor Ebrahim, Julie Battilana and Johanna Mair
We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises, combine aspects of both charity and business at their core. In this...
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Keywords:
Governance;
Hybrid Organizations;
Nonprofit;
Performance Measurement;
Legal Form;
Agency Theory;
Stakeholder Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Social Enterprise;
Corporate Accountability
Ebrahim, Alnoor, Julie Battilana, and Johanna Mair. "The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations." Research in Organizational Behavior 34 (2014): 81–100.
- January 2021 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
TCS: From Physical Offices to Borderless Work
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Malini Sen
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), a multinational IT services company headquartered in Mumbai, is a subsidiary of one of India’s most reputed conglomerates, the Tata Group. In 2020, TCS was valued at $144.7 billion, the highest for any company in the IT sector,...
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Keywords:
Remote Work;
Organizational Structure;
Change Management;
Transformation;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Customer Satisfaction;
Information Technology Industry;
India;
Asia;
United States;
Europe
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Malini Sen. "TCS: From Physical Offices to Borderless Work." Harvard Business School Case 621-081, January 2021. (Revised February 2021.)