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- All HBS Web
(299)
- News (83)
- Research (140)
- Events (2)
- Multimedia (8)
- Faculty Publications (63)
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- Research Summary
Hybrid organizing
By: Julie Battilana
While historically the commercial and social sectors have evolved on fairly separate tracks, over the last 30 years we have witnessed a blurring of the boundaries between these two sectors. In an effort to account for this transition, Professor Battilana’s second... View Details
- 2018
- Article
Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing
By: Julie Battilana
While in recent decades the social and business sectors have evolved on fairly separate tracks, today companies are increasingly expected to generate social value in addition to profit. As a result, they also increasingly face the distinct challenge of pursuing social... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Hybrid Organizing; Multiple Goals; Social Enterprise; Goals and Objectives; Organizational Design; Organizational Culture
Battilana, Julie. "Cracking the Organizational Challenge of Pursuing Joint Social and Financial Goals: Social Enterprise as a Laboratory to Understand Hybrid Organizing." M@n@gement 21, no. 4 (2018): 1278–1305.
- June 28, 2021
- Article
4 Imperatives for Managing in a Hybrid World
By: Kalle Heikkinen, William R. Kerr, Mika Malin and Panu Routila
As more and more companies turn to a hybrid model of work more than a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, what challenges are leaders likely to face when managing people both in the office and remotely? Interviews with 38 executives in Nordic countries point to four main... View Details
Heikkinen, Kalle, William R. Kerr, Mika Malin, and Panu Routila. "4 Imperatives for Managing in a Hybrid World." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (June 28, 2021).
- Article
Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing—Insights from the Study of Social Enterprises
By: Julie Battilana and Matthew Lee
Hybrid organizations that combine multiple organizational forms deviate from socially legitimate templates for organizing and thus experience unique organizing challenges. In this paper, we introduce and develop the concept of hybrid organizing, which we define as the... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Social Enterprise; Organizational Structure; Social Entrepreneurship
Battilana, Julie, and Matthew Lee. "Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing—Insights from the Study of Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Annals 8 (2014): 397–441.
- 2014
- Article
The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations
By: Alnoor Ebrahim, Julie Battilana and Johanna Mair
We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises, combine aspects of both charity and business at their core. In this... View Details
Keywords: Governance; Hybrid Organizations; Nonprofit; Performance Measurement; Legal Form; Agency Theory; Stakeholder Management; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; Corporate Accountability
Ebrahim, Alnoor, Julie Battilana, and Johanna Mair. "The Governance of Social Enterprises: Mission Drift and Accountability Challenges in Hybrid Organizations." Research in Organizational Behavior 34 (2014): 81–100.
- 2013
- Working Paper
How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures
By: Matthew Lee and Julie Battilana
Hybrid organizations that combine multiple, existing organizational forms are frequently proposed as a source of organizational innovation, yet little is known about the origins of such organizations. We propose that individual founders of hybrid organizations acquire... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Imprinting; Institutional Theory; Social Entrepreneurship; Organizations
Lee, Matthew, and Julie Battilana. "How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-005, July 2013.
- December 2015
- Article
Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises
By: Julie Battilana, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache and Jacob Model
We examine the factors that influence the social performance of hybrid organizations that pursue a social mission, and sustain their operations through commercial activities, by studying work integration social enterprises (WISEs). We argue that social imprinting and... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Organizations; Performance Productivity
Battilana, Julie, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache, and Jacob Model. "Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 6 (December 2015): 1658–1685.
- December 2010
- Article
Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations
By: Julie Battilana and Silvia Dorado
We explore how new types of hybrid organizations (organizations that combine institutional logics in unprecedented ways) can develop and maintain their hybrid nature in the absence of a "ready-to-wear" model for handling the tensions between the logics they combine.... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Structure; Microfinance; Growth and Development Strategy; Identity; Commercialization; Balance and Stability; Policy; Recruitment; Business Model
Battilana, Julie, and Silvia Dorado. "Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations." Academy of Management Journal 53, no. 6 (December 2010): 1419–1440.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Hot or Not? What Makes Product Categories Attractive to Fair Trade and Eco-labeling Organizations
By: Kristin Sippl
This paper probes extant theory on product diversification in the empirical realm of fair trade and eco-labeling organizations (i.e., certification organizations). While much is known about diversification in for-profit firms, less is known about the more complex... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Fair Trade; Eco-labeling; Goods and Commodities; Diversification; Strategy
Sippl, Kristin. "Hot or Not? What Makes Product Categories Attractive to Fair Trade and Eco-labeling Organizations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-023, September 2018. (Work in Progress.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Hybrid work is emerging as a novel form of organizing work globally. This paper reports causal evidence on how the extent of hybrid work—the number of days worked from home relative to days worked from the office—affects work outcomes. Collaborating with an... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Work; Remote Work; Work-from-home; Field Experiment; Employees; Geographic Location; Performance; Work-Life Balance
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Kyle Schirmann. "Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-063, March 2022.
- September 2014
- Article
The New Heretics: Hybrid Organizations and the Challenges they Present to Corporate Sustainability
By: Nardia Haigh and Andrew J. Hoffman
Corporate sustainability has become mainstream; reaching into all areas of business management. Yet despite this progress, large-scale social and ecological issues continue to worsen. In this article, we examine how corporate sustainability has been enacted as a... View Details
Keywords: Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Mission and Purpose
Haigh, Nardia, and Andrew J. Hoffman. "The New Heretics: Hybrid Organizations and the Challenges they Present to Corporate Sustainability." Organization & Environment 27, no. 3 (September 2014): 223–241.
- Article
In Search of the Hybrid Ideal
By: Julie Battilana, Matthew Lee, John Walker and Cheryl Dorsey
In the first large-scale, quantitative study of nascent social entrepreneurs, researchers from Harvard Business School and Echoing Green examine the rise of hybrid organizations that combine aspects of nonprofits and for-profits and the challenges hybrids face as they... View Details
Battilana, Julie, Matthew Lee, John Walker, and Cheryl Dorsey. "In Search of the Hybrid Ideal." Stanford Social Innovation Review 10, no. 3 (Summer 2012).
- 2017
- Chapter
On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research
By: Julie Battilana, Marya Besharov and Bjoern Mitzinneck
The purpose of this chapter is to advance research on hybrids by bringing together work from these multiple perspectives; identifying common themes in the antecedents, challenges, opportunities, and management strategies associated with hybridity and highlighting... View Details
Battilana, Julie, Marya Besharov, and Bjoern Mitzinneck. "On Hybrids and Hybrid Organizing: A Review and Roadmap for Future Research." Chap. 5 in The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. 2nd ed. Edited by Royston Greenwood, Christine Oliver, Thomas B. Lawrence, and Renate E. Meyer, 128–162. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2017.
- April 2024
- Article
An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity
By: Anne-Claire Pache, Julie Battilana and Channing Spencer
Hybrid organizations must sustainably attend to multiple goals embedded in different institutional spheres. Past research has highlighted the value for hybrids in recruiting board members representing different logics to avoid attentional drifts; yet, diverse boards... View Details
Pache, Anne-Claire, Julie Battilana, and Channing Spencer. "An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity." Academy of Management Journal 67, no. 2 (April 2024): 437–467.
- Research Summary
Overview
Matthew's research examines how entrepreneurial organizations and their managers create social and institutional change. His latest project focuses on hybrid organizations that combine aspects of non-profits and companies to create innovative organizational forms. In... View Details
- September 28, 2021
- Article
12 Questions About Hybrid Work, Answered
By: Tsedal Neeley
As we move into the next phase of the pandemic, companies are grappling with whether and how to bring their employees back into the office after working from home extensively. According to multiple surveys, most people want a mix of in-person and remote work, and some... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Remote Work; Transition; Employees; Job Design and Levels; Organizational Structure
Neeley, Tsedal. "12 Questions About Hybrid Work, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 28, 2021).
- April–June 2012
- Article
Hybrid Organizations: The Next Chapter in Sustainable Business
By: Nardia Haigh and Andrew J. Hoffman
In this article, we describe how hybrid organizations are developing business models that are competitive and create positive social and environmental change. We discuss the distinctive characteristics of the hybrid business model, both conceptually and in practice. We... View Details
Haigh, Nardia, and Andrew J. Hoffman. "Hybrid Organizations: The Next Chapter in Sustainable Business." Organizational Dynamics 41, no. 2 (April–June 2012): 126–134.
- March–April 2019
- Article
The Dual-Purpose Playbook
By: Julie Battilana, Anne-Claire Pache, Metin Sengul and Marissa Kimsey
Corporations are being pushed to dial down their single-minded pursuit of financial gain and pay closer attention to their impact on employees, customers, communities, and the environment. But changing an organization’s DNA may require upending the existing business... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizing; Business And Society; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Model; Goals and Objectives; Organizational Structure; Leadership
Battilana, Julie, Anne-Claire Pache, Metin Sengul, and Marissa Kimsey. "The Dual-Purpose Playbook." Harvard Business Review 97, no. 4 (March–April 2019): 124–133.
- 01 Feb 2023
- What Do You Think?
Will Hybrid Work Strategies Pull Down Long-Term Performance?
hybrid—version that gained acceptance (at least for coders) in tech companies like Cisco Systems and Sun Microsystems 30 years ago. The pandemic surge in work-from-home has morphed in some organizations into View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
- 22 Oct 2021
- Research & Ideas
Want Hybrid Work to Succeed? Trust, Don’t Track, Employees
The COVID-19 pandemic made remote work more the norm than the exception, and now many companies are struggling to map out a hybrid plan that both managers and employees can embrace long term. With return-to-work policies in flux, this is... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding