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      • July 2005 (Revised December 2005)
      • Case

      General Motors U.S. Pension Funds

      By: Luis M. Viceira and Helen Tung
      In June 2003, General Motors Corp. (GM) successfully marketed the largest corporate debt offering in U.S. history, worth $17.6 billion. The offering included $13.6 billion worth of debt denominated in dollars, euros, and pounds and $4 billion dollars denominated in... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Bonds; Investment Return; Policy; Borrowing and Debt; Corporate Finance; Auto Industry; United States
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      Viceira, Luis M., and Helen Tung. "General Motors U.S. Pension Funds." Harvard Business School Case 206-001, July 2005. (Revised December 2005.)
      • December 2004 (Revised March 2006)
      • Background Note

      Decision Trees

      By: Robin Greenwood and Lucy White
      This case introduces decision analysis. Using a simple example, it illustrates the use of probability trees and decision trees as tools for solving business problems. View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Lucy White. "Decision Trees." Harvard Business School Background Note 205-060, December 2004. (Revised March 2006.)
      • January 2004 (Revised November 2004)
      • Case

      Rwandan Tea Industry, The: Looking into the Future

      By: Debora L. Spar
      In 2003, the Rwandan government was focused on transforming the nation's tea industry into a world-class competitor. To accomplish this objective and stave off the downward prices that plagued the international tea market, the government believed that the industry... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Market Entry and Exit; Competitive Strategy; Privatization; Government and Politics; Developing Countries and Economies; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Rwanda
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      Spar, Debora L., and Cate Reavis. "Rwandan Tea Industry, The: Looking into the Future." Harvard Business School Case 704-007, January 2004. (Revised November 2004.)
      • December 2003
      • Case

      Manville Corporation Fiber Glass Group (C) (Abridged)

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      Manville Corp.'s senior managers are surprised when Japanese government officials advise them not to go forward with their plan to add a cancer warning label to diatomaceous earth (DE) products sold in Japan. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has ruled... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Moral Sensibility; Safety; Government Administration; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Decision Choices and Conditions; Ethics; Announcements; Industrial Products Industry; Japan
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Manville Corporation Fiber Glass Group (C) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 304-078, December 2003.
      • October 2003
      • Article

      The Determinants of Board Structure at the Initial Public Offering

      By: Malcolm Baker and Paul Gompers
      This paper describes board size and composition and investigates the role of venture capital in a sample of 1,116 firms' initial public offerings. First, firms backed by venture capital have fewer insider and instrumental directors and more independent... View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Venture Capital; Initial Public Offering; Managerial Roles; Power and Influence
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Paul Gompers. "The Determinants of Board Structure at the Initial Public Offering." Journal of Law & Economics 46, no. 2 (October 2003): 569–598.
      • September 2003 (Revised January 2004)
      • Case

      Giant Cinema

      By: Malcolm P. Baker, Richard S. Ruback, Erik Stafford and Kathleen Luchs
      The owner of Giant Cinema must decide whether to invest in a digital projector, a new technology for screening films, or purchase a traditional projector. The impact of the new technology is uncertain, and the case describes probabilities for different outcomes that... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Film Entertainment; Technology Adoption; Financial Strategy; Investment; Outcome or Result; Risk and Uncertainty; Technology; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Baker, Malcolm P., Richard S. Ruback, Erik Stafford, and Kathleen Luchs. "Giant Cinema." Harvard Business School Case 204-052, September 2003. (Revised January 2004.)
      • summer 2003
      • Article

      Patents, Invalidity, and the Strategic Transmission of Enabling Information

      By: James J. Anton and Dennis A. Yao
      The patent system encourages innovation and knowledge disclosure by providing exclusivity to inventors. Exclusivity is limited, however, because a substantial fraction of patents have some probability of being ruled invalid when challenged in court. The possibility of... View Details
      Keywords: System; Innovation and Invention; Knowledge Dissemination; Courts and Trials; Competition; Patents; Corporate Disclosure
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      Anton, James J., and Dennis A. Yao. "Patents, Invalidity, and the Strategic Transmission of Enabling Information." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12, no. 2 (summer 2003): 151–178. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • September 2002 (Revised January 2003)
      • Case

      A-Rod: Signing the Best Player in Baseball

      By: Randolph B. Cohen
      This case analyzes a large investment decision considered by the Texas Rangers in 2000: whether to spend $252 million for the services of shortstop Alex Rodriguez. The signing was probably the most controversial sports contract of the past decade. View Details
      Keywords: Selection and Staffing; Investment; Sports; Brands and Branding; Sports Industry
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      Cohen, Randolph B., and Jason Wallace. "A-Rod: Signing the Best Player in Baseball." Harvard Business School Case 203-047, September 2002. (Revised January 2003.)
      • January 2001 (Revised July 2003)
      • Case

      Pharmacyclics: Financing Research & Development

      By: Malcolm P. Baker, Richard S. Ruback and Aldo Sesia
      Pharmacyclics (NASDAQ: PCYC), a pharmaceutical company that manufactures products that will improve existing therapeutic treatments for cancer, arteriosclerosis, and retinal disease, was considering a $60 million private placement in February 2000. The company had more... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Cash Flow; Financing and Loans; Business Startups; Financial Strategy; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry
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      Baker, Malcolm P., Richard S. Ruback, and Aldo Sesia. "Pharmacyclics: Financing Research & Development." Harvard Business School Case 201-056, January 2001. (Revised July 2003.)
      • October 2000 (Revised March 2003)
      • Case

      Merck & Company: Evaluating a Drug Licensing Opportunity

      By: Richard S. Ruback and David B Krieger
      This explores the valuation of an opportunity to license a compound before it enters clinical trials. Describes Merck's decision tree evaluation process is presented. Information required to evaluate a specific licensing opportunity is provided, including the costs of... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Opportunities; Valuation; Outcome or Result; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Ruback, Richard S., and David B Krieger. "Merck & Company: Evaluating a Drug Licensing Opportunity." Harvard Business School Case 201-023, October 2000. (Revised March 2003.)
      • August 1997
      • Article

      Independence on Relative Probability Spaces and Consistent Assessments in Game Trees

      By: Elon Kohlberg and Philip J. Reny
      Keywords: Games, Gaming, and Gambling
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      Kohlberg, Elon, and Philip J. Reny. "Independence on Relative Probability Spaces and Consistent Assessments in Game Trees." Journal of Economic Theory 75, no. 2 (August 1997): 280 – 313.
      • 1996
      • Working Paper

      Independence on Relative Probability Spaces and Consistent Assessments in Game Trees

      By: Elon Kohlberg and Philip J. Reny
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      Kohlberg, Elon, and Philip J. Reny. "Independence on Relative Probability Spaces and Consistent Assessments in Game Trees." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 96-072, June 1996.
      • August 1994 (Revised May 1995)
      • Case

      Engineering Inspection & Insurance Company

      By: Robert H. Hayes
      Engineering Inspection & Insurance Co. (EIIC) is a small but highly successful company that offers machinery and boiler inspection and insurance services. After years of above-average growth and profits, both are retreating toward the industry average, policy delivery... View Details
      Keywords: Service Operations; Business Strategy; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Insurance; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Hayes, Robert H. "Engineering Inspection & Insurance Company." Harvard Business School Case 695-009, August 1994. (Revised May 1995.)
      • February 1994 (Revised May 1999)
      • Case

      Manville Corp. Fiber Glass Group (C)

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Sarah Gant
      Manville Corp.'s senior managers are surprised when Japanese government officials advise them not to go forward with their plan to add a cancer warning label to diatomaceous earth (DE) products sold in Japan. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has ruled... View Details
      Keywords: Management Teams; Ethics; Conflict of Interests; Health; Safety; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Policy; Japan
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Sarah Gant. "Manville Corp. Fiber Glass Group (C)." Harvard Business School Case 394-116, February 1994. (Revised May 1999.)
      • November 1983
      • Article

      Subjective Probability and the Theory of Games: Some Further Comment

      By: A. E. Roth and F. Schoumaker
      Keywords: Theory; Games, Gaming, and Gambling
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      Roth, A. E., and F. Schoumaker. "Subjective Probability and the Theory of Games: Some Further Comment." Management Science 29, no. 11 (November 1983): 1337–1340.
      • Article

      The Nature of Stochastic Equilibria

      By: Jerry R. Green and Mukul Majumdar
      This paper formulates the notion of stochastic equilibria as invariant probability distributions consistent with the behavior patterns of individuals and the disequilibrium adjustment mechanism of the economy. Conditions for existence, uniqueness, and stability of such... View Details
      Keywords: Stochastic Equilibria; Econometric Models
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      Green, Jerry R., and Mukul Majumdar. "The Nature of Stochastic Equilibria." Econometrica 43, no. 4 (July 1975): 647–660.
      • summer 1970
      • Article

      Marketing Strategy and Bank Service Interaction: A Probability Model

      By: D. B. Crane
      Keywords: Marketing; Strategy; Banks and Banking
      Citation
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      Crane, D. B. "Marketing Strategy and Bank Service Interaction: A Probability Model." Journal of Bank Research 1 (summer 1970).
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      An AI Method to Score Celebrity Visual Potential from Human Faces

      By: Flora Feng, Shunyuan Zhang, Xiao Liu, Kannan Srinivasan and Cait Lamberton
      It has long been a mantra of marketing practice that, particularly in low-involvement situations, spokespeople should be physically attractive. This paper suggests there is a higher probability of gaining fame and influence (i.e., celebrity potential) than is captured... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Characteristics; AI and Machine Learning; Forecasting and Prediction; Marketing
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      Feng, Flora, Shunyuan Zhang, Xiao Liu, Kannan Srinivasan, and Cait Lamberton. "An AI Method to Score Celebrity Visual Potential from Human Faces." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) (forthcoming). (Pre-published online February 12, 2025.)
      • Research Summary

      Bringing Individuals Back In: The Effects of Career Experience on New Firm Founding (forthcoming Industrial and Corporate Change, 2003)

      By: Rakesh Khurana
      In this paper (with Scott Shane) the link between the career experiences of potential entrepreneurs and the decision to found a new firm is explored. Because of methodological and theoretical obstacles, sociological research on organizational foundings has largely... View Details
      • Teaching Interest

      Decision Making Under Uncertainty

      By: David E. Bell

      Many of the decisions we face are made complicated by having uncertain consequences: how should I set my inventory when I don’t know what demand will be, should I refinance my mortgage when rates might go lower, how big a bet shall I make in a new business, and so... View Details

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