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All HBS Web
(1,497)
- People (1)
- News (173)
- Research (1,181)
- Events (7)
- Multimedia (2)
- Faculty Publications (532)
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- March 2011
- Module Note
Quantitative Analysis of Competitive Position: Customer Demand and Willingness to Pay
By: David J. Collis
This note is designed to provide strategists with tools to perform two critical customer-related analyses: determining willingness to pay — the estimation of how much a given customer would be willing to pay for a particular product or service; and demand estimation —...
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Keywords:
Price;
Demand and Consumers;
Competitive Advantage;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Market Participation;
Segmentation
Collis, David J. "Quantitative Analysis of Competitive Position: Customer Demand and Willingness to Pay." Harvard Business School Module Note 711-495, March 2011.
- October 2015
- Teaching Note
Molycorp: Financing the Production of Rare Earth Minerals (A)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
Molycorp, the western hemisphere's only producer of rare earth minerals, was in the middle of a $1 billion capital expenditure project in its effort to become a vertically integrated supplier of rare earth minerals, oxides, and metals. Yet it had just reported lower...
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Keywords:
Convertible Debt;
Uncertainty;
Competition;
Startup;
China;
Supply & Demand;
Growth;
Rare Earth Minerals;
Discounted Cash Flows;
Mining;
Payoff Diagrams;
Option Pricing;
Capital Budgeting;
Capital Structure;
Cash Flow;
Financial Strategy;
Market Entry and Exit;
Vertical Integration;
Valuation;
Metals and Minerals;
Mining Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Canada;
California
- July 2018
- Teaching Note
Ron Johnson: A Career in Retail
By: Ryan Raffaelli
In April 2013, Ron Johnson (HBS '84) stepped down after just 18 months as CEO of J.C. Penney. In his brief tenure, Johnson, an acclaimed retailer respected for his innovation and success in shaping the retail image at Target and Apple, introduced dramatic departures...
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- December 2021
- Article
Auctioneers Sometimes Prefer Entry Fees to Extra Bidders
By: Jiafeng Chen and Scott Duke Kominers
We investigate a market thickness–market power tradeoff in an auction setting with endogenous entry. We find that charging admission fees can sometimes dominate the benefit of recruiting additional bidders, even though the fees themselves implicitly reduce competition...
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Chen, Jiafeng, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Auctioneers Sometimes Prefer Entry Fees to Extra Bidders." Art. 102737. International Journal of Industrial Organization 79 (December 2021).
- Research Summary
Overview
By: Ayelet Israeli
Professor Israeli utilizes econometric methods and field experiments to study data driven decision making in marketing context. Her research focuses on data-driven marketing, with an emphasis on how businesses can leverage their own data, customer data, and market data...
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- June 2012 (Revised February 2014)
- Case
Low-Carbon, Indigenous Innovation in China
For the past seven years or so, the Chinese government has been powering ahead with industrial policies to promote low-carbon energy technologies—wind, solar, electric batteries and vehicles, nuclear power, and even carbon capture and sequestration. In 2009, the...
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Keywords:
Energy;
Renewables;
Carbon;
Environment;
Industrial Policy;
Competitiveness;
Environmental Sustainability;
Policy;
Renewable Energy;
Competition;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Energy Industry;
China
Vietor, Richard H.K. "Low-Carbon, Indigenous Innovation in China." Harvard Business School Case 712-061, June 2012. (Revised February 2014.)
- August 2016
- Case
VMD Medical Imaging Center
By: Susanna Gallani and Eva Labro
VMD Medical Imaging Center, a local independent provider of medical imaging services, is facing some important challenges. Despite efficiency improvements and cost cutting initiatives carried out over the past few years, their profitability is shrinking; their prices...
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Keywords:
Costing;
Death Spiral;
Transfer Pricing;
Activity Based Costing and Management;
Competitive Strategy;
Medical Specialties;
Health Industry
Gallani, Susanna, and Eva Labro. "VMD Medical Imaging Center." Harvard Business School Case 117-002, August 2016.
- August 2022 (Revised June 2024)
- Exercise
How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?
By: Elie Ofek and Olivier Toubia
In the summer of 2022, it became clear that Netflix would introduce an ad-supported tier alongside its existing subscription plans in the near future. Speculation abounded as to the details of the new tier: How many minutes of advertising would it include? What picture...
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Keywords:
Pricing;
Television Industry;
Price;
Marketing Strategy;
Digital Platforms;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Competitive Strategy;
Customer Satisfaction;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry
Ofek, Elie, and Olivier Toubia. "How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?" Harvard Business School Exercise 523-033, August 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
- August 2018
- Article
The Impact of the Entry of Biosimilars: Evidence from Europe
By: Fiona M. Scott Morton, Ariel Dora Stern and Scott Stern
Biologics represent a substantial and growing share of the U.S. drug market. Traditional “small molecule” generics quickly erode the price and share of the branded product upon entry; however, only a few biosimilars have been approved in the U.S. since 2015, thereby...
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Keywords:
Health Care;
Biosimilars;
Biologics;
Pharmaceutical Competition;
Healthcare Spending;
Innovation;
Health Care and Treatment;
Spending;
Market Entry and Exit;
Competition;
Innovation and Invention;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United States;
Europe
Scott Morton, Fiona M., Ariel Dora Stern, and Scott Stern. "The Impact of the Entry of Biosimilars: Evidence from Europe." Review of Industrial Organization 53, no. 1 (August 2018): 173–210.
- July 2022 (Revised February 2024)
- Teaching Note
The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth
By: Ayelet Israeli
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-055. When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique...
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Keywords:
Female;
Female Ceo;
Female Entrepreneur;
Female Protagonist;
Health & Wellness;
Healthcare;
Price Policies;
Minimum Advertised Price;
Differentiation;
Positioning;
Growth;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Price;
Disruption;
Distribution;
Distribution Channels;
Competitive Strategy;
Competition;
Growth Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Product Development;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Advertising;
Business Startups;
Internet and the Web;
Entrepreneurship;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Social Issues;
Social Enterprise;
Retail Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Health Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Education Industry;
Distribution Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Canada;
United States;
United Kingdom
- March 2019 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth
By: Ayelet Israeli
When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique product. Fifteen years later, the...
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Keywords:
Female;
Female Ceo;
Female Entrepreneur;
Female Protagonist;
Health & Wellness;
Healthcare;
Price Policies;
Minimum Advertised Price;
Differentiation;
Positioning;
Growth;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Price;
Disruption;
Distribution;
Distribution Channels;
Competitive Strategy;
Competition;
Growth Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Product Development;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Advertising;
Business Startups;
Internet and the Web;
Entrepreneurship;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Social Issues;
Social Enterprise;
Retail Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Health Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Education Industry;
Distribution Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Canada;
United States;
United Kingdom
Israeli, Ayelet. "The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth." Harvard Business School Case 519-055, March 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
- September 2020 (Revised June 2023)
- Exercise
Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Experimentation;
Promotion;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analytics;
Data Analysis;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeted Advertising;
Targeted Policies;
Targeting;
Pricing Algorithms;
A/B Testing;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Base Analysis;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Coupons;
Algorithmic Bias;
Marketing;
Race;
Gender;
Diversity;
Customer Relationship Management;
Marketing Communications;
Advertising;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
E-commerce;
Analytics and Data Science;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-021, September 2020. (Revised June 2023.)
- September 2010
- Article
Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
We analyze the optimal strategy of a high-quality incumbent that faces a low-quality ad-sponsored competitor. In addition to competing through adjustments of tactical variables such as price or the number of ads a product carries, we allow the incumbent to consider...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Business Models;
Tactics;
Pricing;
Business Model;
Advertising;
Competition;
Quality;
Price;
Product Marketing
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals." Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1484–1499.
- March 2017
- Article
Challenges for Empirical Research on RPM
By: Alexander MacKay and David A. Smith
This article discusses the empirical challenges that researchers face when demonstrating the existence and effects of resale price maintenance (RPM). We outline three approaches for finding price effects of RPM and the corresponding hurdles in data and methodology. We...
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Keywords:
Antitrust Issues And Policies;
Antitrust Law;
Resale Price Maintenance;
Welfare Economics;
Price;
Competition;
Research
MacKay, Alexander, and David A. Smith. "Challenges for Empirical Research on RPM." Review of Industrial Organization 50, no. 2 (March 2017): 209–220.
- January 2018 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
The Rise and Rise (?) of Walmart (A): Battling Kmart
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Eric Van den Steen and Karen Elterman
This case, set in 1990, describes the history of Walmart and asks what competitive strategies Kmart might adopt in response to Walmart's success. It discusses the strategy and organization of both companies in terms of HR practices, store location, distribution,...
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Keywords:
Walmart;
Kmart;
Organization;
Company Culture;
Pricing;
Procurement;
Supercenter;
Strategy;
Competition;
Organizational Culture;
Competitive Strategy;
Retail Industry;
United States;
Bentonville;
Arkansas
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Eric Van den Steen, and Karen Elterman. "The Rise and Rise (?) of Walmart (A): Battling Kmart." Harvard Business School Case 718-431, January 2018. (Revised October 2020.)
- December 2018 (Revised May 2021)
- Background Note
Making UK Energy Smarter
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
This case describes the history of the United Kingdom's domestic energy industry and the country's efforts to create a more competitive, greener, and distributed power sector. On July 24, 2017, the United Kingdom government and the industry regulator, the Office of Gas...
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Keywords:
Energy Policy;
Regulation;
Energy Markets;
Subsidies;
Oligopolistic Competition;
Barriers To Entry;
Wholesale;
Electric Vehicle;
Batteries;
Energy Storage;
Competition Policy;
Energy;
Policy;
Renewable Energy;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Vertical Integration;
Competition;
Market Entry and Exit;
Disruption;
Energy Industry;
United Kingdom
Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "Making UK Energy Smarter." Harvard Business School Background Note 719-438, December 2018. (Revised May 2021.)
- September 2013 (Revised February 2016)
- Case
GlaxoSmithKline: Sourcing Complex Professional Services
By: Heidi K. Gardner and Silvia Hodges Silverstein
Pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) uses an innovative new approach to procuring outside legal counsel: it replaces relationship-based selection and law firms' traditional time-based billing with data-driven decision making and an online reverse auction. In...
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Keywords:
Legal Industry;
Procurement;
Professional Service Firms;
Pricing;
Competition;
Change Management;
Supply Chain Management;
Legal Liability;
Business Processes;
Legal Services Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry
Gardner, Heidi K., and Silvia Hodges Silverstein. "GlaxoSmithKline: Sourcing Complex Professional Services." Harvard Business School Case 414-003, September 2013. (Revised February 2016.)
- July 1989
- Case
NWA, Inc. - Northwest Airlines Revenue Management
Northwest Airlines is evaluating improvements to its revenue management system. This system executes a program of economic price discrimination under which the airline attempts to control the conditions on its discount fare offerings. Students must evaluate the effect...
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Keywords:
Asset Management;
Air Transportation;
Management Systems;
Corporate Finance;
Air Transportation Industry;
United States
Tiemann, Jonathan. "NWA, Inc. - Northwest Airlines Revenue Management." Harvard Business School Case 290-007, July 1989.
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Technical Note
Algorithmic Bias in Marketing
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
This note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P’s of marketing – promotion, price, place and product—characterizing the marketing...
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Keywords:
Algorithmic Data;
Race And Ethnicity;
Promotion;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing And Society;
Big Data;
Privacy;
Data-driven Management;
Data Analysis;
Data Analytics;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Discrimination;
Targeting;
Targeted Advertising;
Pricing Algorithms;
Ethical Decision Making;
Customer Heterogeneity;
Marketing;
Race;
Ethnicity;
Gender;
Diversity;
Prejudice and Bias;
Marketing Communications;
Analytics and Data Science;
Analysis;
Decision Making;
Ethics;
Customer Relationship Management;
E-commerce;
Retail Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
United States
Israeli, Ayelet, and Eva Ascarza. "Algorithmic Bias in Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 521-020, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
- October 2019 (Revised October 2019)
- Case
Epic Games
By: Andy Wu and Christopher Zhang
Epic Games entered a stagnant market with its PC-games digital storefront in 2018, in the context of incumbent competitors such as Steam, its meteoric rise via Fortnite, and imminent industry shifts in gaming distribution. On the surface, Epic Games Store’s competitive...
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Keywords:
Industry Analysis;
Video Games;
Platforms;
Comparative Advantage;
Growth Strategy;
Innovation Focused Strategy;
Pricing Strategy;
Strategy;
Competition;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Innovation Strategy;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Digital Platforms;
Technology Industry
Wu, Andy, and Christopher Zhang. "Epic Games." Harvard Business School Case 720-380, October 2019. (Revised October 2019.)