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All HBS Web
(8,635)
- Faculty Publications (1,544)
- February 1991
- Case
Burlington Northern: The ARES Decision (A)
By: Julie H. Hertenstein and Robert S. Kaplan
Burlington Northern's decision whether to invest in ARES, an automated train control system, is a ($350 million) strategic investment in information technology. Although set in a service industry (railroad) the issues around this decision arise in many organizations...
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Keywords:
Investment;
Rail Transportation;
Information Technology;
Competitive Strategy;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Effectiveness;
Cost vs Benefits;
Technology Adoption;
Technological Innovation;
Customers;
Quality;
Rail Industry
Hertenstein, Julie H., and Robert S. Kaplan. "Burlington Northern: The ARES Decision (A)." Harvard Business School Case 191-122, February 1991.
- February 1991 (Revised July 1993)
- Case
Cultural Change at Nissan Motors
By: John P. Kotter
Depicts the reformation of Nissan Motor Co.'s corporate culture and the company's subsequent turnaround in market share and profits. In 1985, Yutaka Kume became president of Nissan and thereafter, he continually emphasized the need for internal change throughout the...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Leadership;
Behavior;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Change Management;
Management;
Auto Industry;
Manufacturing Industry
Kotter, John P. "Cultural Change at Nissan Motors." Harvard Business School Case 491-079, February 1991. (Revised July 1993.)
- February 1991 (Revised May 2016)
- Background Note
Note on Organizational Structure
By: Ethan Bernstein and Nitin Nohria
Provides the reader with a basic understanding of organizational structure. The first section outlines some of the key tools and criteria that must be taken into account in designing organizational structures. In the second section, some archetypal forms of...
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Keywords:
Organizational Structure
Bernstein, Ethan, and Nitin Nohria. "Note on Organizational Structure." Harvard Business School Background Note 491-083, February 1991. (Revised May 2016.)
- February 1991 (Revised February 1992)
- Case
Appex Corp.
By: Nitin Nohria
1990 Business Week named Appex Corp. the fastest growing high-technology company in the United States. Appex provided management information systems and intercarrier network services to cellular telephone companies. During its rapid growth, the company went through...
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Keywords:
Information Technology;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Design;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Organizational Culture;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Performance Productivity;
Problems and Challenges;
Management Practices and Processes;
Business Divisions;
Information Management;
Information Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
United States
Nohria, Nitin. "Appex Corp." Harvard Business School Case 491-082, February 1991. (Revised February 1992.)
- January 1991 (Revised March 1992)
- Case
USA Today
By: Robert L. Simons
USA Today is a national newspaper struggling to achieve profitability. This case focuses on the use of management control systems to identify emerging opportunities and the formulation of new strategies. The interactive system used by top managers--the Friday...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Managerial Roles;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Risk Management;
Labor and Management Relations;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Journalism and News Industry;
United States
Simons, Robert L. "USA Today." Harvard Business School Case 191-004, January 1991. (Revised March 1992.)
- January 1991
- Article
A Natural Experiment in the Organization of Entry Level Labor Markets: Regional Markets for New Physicians and Surgeons in the U.K.
By: A. E. Roth
Roth, A. E. "A Natural Experiment in the Organization of Entry Level Labor Markets: Regional Markets for New Physicians and Surgeons in the U.K." American Economic Review 81, no. 3 (January 1991): 415–440.
- October 1990 (Revised September 1993)
- Case
Changing the Culture at British Airways
By: John P. Kotter
In just 10 years, 1980-1990, British Airways turned around both its declining image and financial situation. Focusing on the paramount importance of customer service, British Airways went from "bloody awful" to "bloody awesome." Experiencing a financial crisis in 1981...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Problems and Challenges;
Customer Relationship Management;
Corporate Strategy;
Privatization;
Air Transportation Industry;
United Kingdom
Kotter, John P. "Changing the Culture at British Airways." Harvard Business School Case 491-009, October 1990. (Revised September 1993.)
- July 1990
- Case
Ceramics Process Systems Corp. (B)
By: Kim B. Clark and Brent D. Barnett
Ceramics Process Systems (CPS) is an advanced ceramics company facing problems with lead time in product/process development, and late delivery of prototype parts to its customers. Engineering is confronted with difficult technical problems and multiple objectives...
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Keywords:
Product Development;
Business Processes;
Management Practices and Processes;
Supply Chain Management;
Machinery and Machining;
Goals and Objectives;
Resource Allocation;
Customer Satisfaction;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Manufacturing Industry
Clark, Kim B., and Brent D. Barnett. "Ceramics Process Systems Corp. (B)." Harvard Business School Case 691-006, July 1990.
- April 1990
- Case
Philip Morris Companies' ""Bill of Rights"" Sponsorship Program
By: Stephen A. Greyser and Norman Klein
Describes the new policy of the National Archives of inviting corporate cosponsorship of historic exhibits and commemorations. In November 1989, Philip Morris Companies (PM) became the first cosponsor of the bicentennial commemoration of the Bill of Rights, and used...
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Keywords:
Policy;
Brands and Branding;
Decisions;
Advertising;
Marketing Strategy;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Financing and Loans;
Reputation;
Nonprofit Organizations
Greyser, Stephen A., and Norman Klein. Philip Morris Companies' ""Bill of Rights"" Sponsorship Program. Harvard Business School Case 590-108, April 1990.
- April 1990 (Revised November 1992)
- Case
Population Services International: The Social Marketing Project in Bangladesh (Abridged)
By: James E. Austin
Population Services International (PSI) was a not-for-profit agency founded to disseminate family planning information and to market birth control products, primarily in less developed countries seeking to curb their population explosions. In 1976, PSI concluded an...
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Keywords:
Conferences;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Information Publishing;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Marketing Strategy;
Social Marketing;
Agreements and Arrangements;
Product;
Nonprofit Organizations;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Bangladesh;
Washington (state, US)
Austin, James E. "Population Services International: The Social Marketing Project in Bangladesh (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 590-061, April 1990. (Revised November 1992.)
- March 1990 (Revised June 1993)
- Case
Analog Devices, Inc.: The Half-Life System
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The company has committed to major improvements in quality, cost, and on-time delivery performance. Despite strong senior management support, however, the actual rate of improvement was disappointing until a new measurement philosophy was introduced. The new approach...
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Keywords:
Quality;
Performance Improvement;
Earnings Management;
Financial Reporting;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Performance Productivity;
Business or Company Management;
Cost Management;
Measurement and Metrics;
Management Teams;
Semiconductor Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "Analog Devices, Inc.: The Half-Life System." Harvard Business School Case 190-061, March 1990. (Revised June 1993.)
- December 1989
- Background Note
Note on How Organizations Can be Structured
By: D. Q. Mills
Describes four basic organizational forms--hierarchy, division, matrix, and cluster. Diagrams of each are included. Their strengths and weaknesses under different business environment conditions are detailed. There is a table comparing the forms on several key...
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Keywords:
Management Practices and Processes;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure
Mills, D. Q. "Note on How Organizations Can be Structured." Harvard Business School Background Note 490-040, December 1989.
- August 1989 (Revised October 2003)
- Case
Fan Pier
By: William J. Poorvu and Katherine Sweetman
The owner of the Fan Pier site in South Boston has been found legally responsible for blocking the efforts of his development partner in attaining the approval necessary to build the $800 million megaproject they had planned together. It was believed that the owner...
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Keywords:
Partners and Partnerships;
Law;
Projects;
Design;
Organizational Design;
Marketing Strategy;
Government and Politics;
Property;
Real Estate Industry;
Boston
Poorvu, William J., and Katherine Sweetman. "Fan Pier." Harvard Business School Case 390-012, August 1989. (Revised October 2003.)
- July 1989 (Revised August 1990)
- Background Note
New Theories of International Trade
By: David B. Yoffie and Heather A. Hazard
Explores the "new" theories of international trade--also called strategic trade policy--which were developed in the 1980s. Examines why economists and policy makers thought new approaches were necessary to explain international trade, the contributions of industrial...
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Yoffie, David B., and Heather A. Hazard. "New Theories of International Trade." Harvard Business School Background Note 390-001, July 1989. (Revised August 1990.)
- February 1989 (Revised October 1994)
- Case
Asahi Breweries Ltd.
Focuses on competitive repositioning, organizational renewal, and personal leadership. Describes how Asahi Breweries was faced with a major capacity expansion decision after succeeding in increasing market share dramatically in the traditionally stable Japanese beer...
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Keywords:
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Leadership;
Organizational Structure;
Product Launch;
Management Teams;
Business or Company Management;
Marketing Strategy;
Supply Chain Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Japan
Salter, Malcolm S. "Asahi Breweries Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 389-114, February 1989. (Revised October 1994.)
- January 1989 (Revised March 1991)
- Case
General Electric Canada: Designing a New Organization
By: Lynda M. Applegate and James I. Cash Jr.
General Electric Canada used sociotechnical design techniques to restructure its financial, administrative, facilities, and information technology service from a decentralized, hierarchical organization to a centralized organization composed of self-managing,...
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Keywords:
Organizational Design;
Information Technology;
Groups and Teams;
Change;
Communication;
Information;
Industrial Products Industry;
Canada
Applegate, Lynda M., and James I. Cash Jr. "General Electric Canada: Designing a New Organization." Harvard Business School Case 189-138, January 1989. (Revised March 1991.)
- December 1988
- Article
Ordinal Independence in Non-Linear Utility Theory
By: Jerry R. Green and Bruno Jullien
Individual behavior under uncertainty is characterized using a new axiom, ordinal independence, which is a weakened form of the von Neumann-Morgcnslern independence axiom. It states that if two distributions share a tail in common, then this tail can be modified...
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Keywords:
Preferences
Green, Jerry R., and Bruno Jullien. "Ordinal Independence in Non-Linear Utility Theory." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 1, no. 4 (December 1988): 355–387.
- November 1988 (Revised July 1997)
- Case
Technology Transfer at a Defense Contractor
By: Linda A. Hill
At a time of great changes in the corporate environment, Larry Yoshino, a design lab manager at Parsons Controls Corp., faces a delay in a costly defense project due to the inability of one of his subordinates to gain the cooperation of engineers at Parsons'...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Change Management;
Conflict Management;
Managerial Roles;
Management Teams;
Employees;
Competitive Strategy;
Projects
Hill, Linda A. "Technology Transfer at a Defense Contractor." Harvard Business School Case 489-084, November 1988. (Revised July 1997.)
- October 1988 (Revised October 1989)
- Background Note
Aspects of Marketing Organization: An Introduction
Discusses the typical strengths, vulnerabilities, and key management skills associated with three common forms of marketing organization: a product-focused organization, a market-focused organization, and a functionally-focused organization. It considers how the nature...
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Keywords:
Marketing Strategy
Cespedes, Frank V. "Aspects of Marketing Organization: An Introduction." Harvard Business School Background Note 589-062, October 1988. (Revised October 1989.)
- September 1988 (Revised June 1993)
- Case
Ring Medical
Describes the progress of a new product launch (HCS-100, a hospital communication system). Ring Medical has sold only five systems in six months against an annual target of 30. There is a lack of agreement internally on how the new product effort should be organized....
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Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Ring Medical." Harvard Business School Case 589-046, September 1988. (Revised June 1993.)