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-
All HBS Web
(18,508)
- People (25)
- News (3,322)
- Research (12,338)
- Events (95)
- Multimedia (274)
- Faculty Publications (10,284)
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- February 2007
- Tutorial
Measuring Marketing Performance
By: John A. Quelch
In many organizations, marketing exists far from the executive suite and the boardroom. This tutorial instructs students how to improve the link between high level corporate strategy and the marketing function. First, students are exposed to three companies in which...
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- January 2019
- Case
Understanding the Brand Equity of Nestlé Crunch Bar: A Market Research Case
By: Jill Avery and Gerald Zaltman
In early 2018, Nestlé announced the sale of its U.S. candy-making division and a select collection of 20 of its confectionery brands, including the Nestlé Crunch Bar, to Ferrero SpA for $2.8 billion. Under the terms of the Nestlé acquisition, each of the purchased...
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Keywords:
Brand Equity;
Marketing;
Market Research;
Qualitative Research;
Marketing Communication;
Customer Satisfaction;
Brands and Branding;
Consumer Behavior;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry;
United States;
North America;
Italy
Avery, Jill, and Gerald Zaltman. "Understanding the Brand Equity of Nestlé Crunch Bar: A Market Research Case." Harvard Business School Case 519-061, January 2019.
- 2008
- Chapter
Allocating Marketing Resources
By: Sunil Gupta and Thomas J. Steenburgh
Companies spend billions of dollars on marketing every year because it is essential to organic growth. Given these large investments, marketing managers have the responsibility to optimally allocate resources and to demonstrate that their investments generate... View Details
Keywords:
Investment Return;
Resource Allocation;
Marketing;
Demand and Consumers;
Mathematical Methods
Gupta, Sunil, and Thomas J. Steenburgh. "Allocating Marketing Resources." In Marketing Mix Decisions: New Perspectives and Practices, edited by Roger A. Kerin and Rob O'Regan. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 2008.
- September 2008 (Revised October 2009)
- Background Note
The Carbon Market
By: Andre F. Perold, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
The carbon market has emerged in response to concerns about global climate change. This note characterizes the market in 2008, describing each segment and how it operates.
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Perold, Andre F., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mikell Hyman. "The Carbon Market." Harvard Business School Background Note 209-064, September 2008. (Revised October 2009.)
- 2023
- Chapter
Marketing Through the Machine’s Eyes: Image Analytics and Interpretability
By: Shunyuan Zhang, Flora Feng and Kannan Srinivasan
he growth of social media and the sharing economy is generating abundant unstructured image and video data. Computer vision techniques can derive rich insights from unstructured data and can inform recommendations for increasing profits and consumer utility—if only the...
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Zhang, Shunyuan, Flora Feng, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Marketing Through the Machine’s Eyes: Image Analytics and Interpretability." Chap. 8 in Artificial Intelligence in Marketing. 20, edited by Naresh K. Malhotra, K. Sudhir, and Olivier Toubia. Review of Marketing Research. Emerald Publishing Limited, forthcoming.
- February 1999 (Revised June 2000)
- Background Note
Integrated Marketing Communications
By: Robert J. Dolan
Describes the major communication vehicles and the process via which they can be brought together in an integrated marketing communications plan.
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Keywords:
Marketing Communications
Dolan, Robert J. "Integrated Marketing Communications." Harvard Business School Background Note 599-087, February 1999. (Revised June 2000.)
- December 2000
- Background Note
Online Market Makers
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Chris Hackett
Describes the business model for online market makers, firms that use the Internet to organize a marketplace, providing participants with a virtual "place" to trade, rules to govern their exchanges, and infrastructure to support trading. First it proposes a definition...
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Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Chris Hackett. "Online Market Makers." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-308, December 2000.
- June 1984 (Revised April 1992)
- Background Note
The Marketing Mix
Reviews important concepts related to the marketing mix, and summarizes key relationships within the mix and between the mix and other parts of the company's marketing approach.
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Keywords:
Marketing
Shapiro, Benson P. "The Marketing Mix." Harvard Business School Background Note 584-125, June 1984. (Revised April 1992.)
- 14 Feb 2011
- Research & Ideas
Clay Christensen’s Milkshake Marketing
Updated to clarify a failure rate figure included in an earlier version. When planning new products, companies often start by segmenting their markets and positioning their merchandise accordingly. This segmentation involves either...
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- 2014
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Marketing Reading: Creating Customer Value
By: Sunil Gupta
This Reading explores how firms can create value for their customers. The goal of any business is to delight customers by understanding its customers' needs and to provide products and services to meet those needs. As a result, it is critical to understand what...
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Keywords:
Consumer Behavior;
Consumer Marketing;
Customer Experience;
Network Effects;
Service Profit Chain;
Total Customer Value
Gupta, Sunil. "Marketing Reading: Creating Customer Value." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston: Harvard Business Publishing 8176, 2014.
- July 2010 (Revised January 2017)
- Background Note
Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Customer Lifetime Value Analysis (2024)
By: Thomas Steenburgh and Jill Avery
Customers are increasingly being viewed as assets that bring value to the firm. Customer lifetime value is a metric that allows managers to understand the overall value of their customer base and relate it to three customer strategies firms employ: asset...
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Keywords:
Customer Lifetime Value;
Return On Investment;
Customer Acquisition;
Customer Retention;
Customer Churn;
"Marketing Analytics";
Marketing;
Customer Relationship Management;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Marketing Strategy;
Measurement and Metrics;
Strategic Planning;
Value
Steenburgh, Thomas, and Jill Avery. "Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Customer Lifetime Value Analysis (2024)." Harvard Business School Background Note 525-017, July 2010. (Revised January 2017.)
- June 2017 (Revised July 2020)
- Teaching Note
Casper Sleep Inc.: Marketing the 'One Perfect Mattress for Everyone'
By: Robert J. Dolan
Teaching Note for HBS No. 517-042.
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- July 2021
- Article
Redistribution through Markets
By: Piotr Dworczak, Scott Duke Kominers and Mohammad Akbarpour
Policymakers frequently use price regulations as a response to inequality in the markets they control. In this paper, we examine the optimal structure of such policies from the perspective of mechanism design. We study a buyer-seller market in which agents have private...
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Keywords:
Optimal Mechanism Design;
Redistribution;
Inequality;
Welfare Theorems;
Market Design;
Equality and Inequality
Dworczak, Piotr, Scott Duke Kominers, and Mohammad Akbarpour. "Redistribution through Markets." Econometrica 89, no. 4 (July 2021): 1665–1698. (Authors' names are in certified random order.)
- 2005
- Book
Marketing Management
Lal, R., J. Quelch, and V. K. Rangan. Marketing Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
- August 1987 (Revised December 1998)
- Background Note
Capital Market Myopia
Focuses attention on a phenomenon we call capital market myopia, a situation in which participants in the capital markets ignore the logical implications of their individual investment decisions. Viewed in isolation, each decision seems to make sense. When taken...
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Keywords:
Capital Markets
Sahlman, William A., and Howard H. Stevenson. "Capital Market Myopia." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-005, August 1987. (Revised December 1998.)
- October 1993 (Revised September 1994)
- Case
Catalina Marketing Corp.
By: David E. Bell, Walter J. Salmon and Dinny Starr
Catalina Marketing is a very successful marketing service firm. Their current customers include major supermarket retailers and consumer products manufacturers nation-wide. Catalina provides a unique way for these clients to distribute coupons for their products via...
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Keywords:
Advertising;
Information Management;
Expansion;
Product;
Salesforce Management;
Information Technology;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Advertising Industry
Bell, David E., Walter J. Salmon, and Dinny Starr. "Catalina Marketing Corp." Harvard Business School Case 594-026, October 1993. (Revised September 1994.)
- September 2006 (Revised November 2007)
- Exercise
Market Making Exercise
By: Malcolm P. Baker
Students make a market in a new security, posting bid and offer prices and quantities for a new derivative security.
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Baker, Malcolm P. "Market Making Exercise." Harvard Business School Exercise 207-033, September 2006. (Revised November 2007.)
- September 2014 (Revised February 2015)
- Case
Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (A)
By: John A. Quelch and James Weber
In 2014, Pfizer proposed a friendly acquisition of AstraZeneca, but the AstraZeneca board resisted over price and strategy concerns. Was this good for pharmaceutical consumers? Pfizer, like pharmaceutical companies in general, faced difficulties in growing sales due to...
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Keywords:
Health Care Policy;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Marketing;
Government Relations;
Crisis Management;
Decision Making;
Growth and Development;
Management;
Markets;
Strategy;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
United Kingdom;
United States
Quelch, John A., and James Weber. "Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (A)." Harvard Business School Case 515-007, September 2014. (Revised February 2015.)
- August 2004 (Revised August 2005)
- Background Note
Online Auction Markets
eBay, Yahoo!, and Amazon.com entered the online auction market within four years of one another, along with a host of smaller Web sites. Five years later, eBay clearly outstripped its competitors, despite the fact that Yahoo! and Amazon both had a huge installed base...
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Yin, Pai-Ling. "Online Auction Markets." Harvard Business School Background Note 705-411, August 2004. (Revised August 2005.)
- March 1989 (Revised October 1996)
- Background Note
Industrial Marketing Strategy--An Overview
Provides an integrated discussion of the basic elements of industrial marketing strategy and develops a strategic marketing planning model. May be used as either an introductory or a summary reading for an industrial marketing course or course segment.
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Keywords:
Marketing Strategy
Corey, E. R. "Industrial Marketing Strategy--An Overview." Harvard Business School Background Note 589-102, March 1989. (Revised October 1996.)