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All HBS Web
(3,937)
- Faculty Publications (1,300)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Do Collusive Norms Maximize Profits? Evidence From a Vegetable Market Experiment in India
By: Abhijit Banerjee, Greg Fischer, Dean Karlan, Matt Lowe and Benjamin N. Roth
Social norms have been shown to facilitate anti-competitive behavior in decentralized markets.
We demonstrate that these norms can also reduce aggregate profits. First, we present
descriptive evidence of competition-suppressing norms in Kolkata vegetable markets....
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Banerjee, Abhijit, Greg Fischer, Dean Karlan, Matt Lowe, and Benjamin N. Roth. "Do Collusive Norms Maximize Profits? Evidence From a Vegetable Market Experiment in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-006, July 2022. (Revised April 2024.)
- July 7, 2022
- Other Article
Are Online Prices Higher Because of Pricing Algorithms?
By: Zach Y. Brown and Alexander J. MacKay
This article reviews recent work examining pricing strategies of major online retailers and the potential effects of pricing algorithms. We describe how pricing algorithms can lead to higher prices in a number of ways, even if some characteristics of these algorithms...
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Keywords:
Pricing Algorithms;
Online Marketplace;
Digital Strategy;
Internet and the Web;
Retail Industry
Brown, Zach Y., and Alexander J. MacKay. "Are Online Prices Higher Because of Pricing Algorithms?" Brookings Series: The Economics and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (July 7, 2022).
- July 2022 (Revised February 2024)
- Teaching Note
The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth
By: Ayelet Israeli
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-055. When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique...
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Keywords:
Female;
Female Ceo;
Female Entrepreneur;
Female Protagonist;
Health & Wellness;
Healthcare;
Price Policies;
Minimum Advertised Price;
Differentiation;
Positioning;
Growth;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Price;
Disruption;
Distribution;
Distribution Channels;
Competitive Strategy;
Competition;
Growth Management;
Mission and Purpose;
Product Development;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Advertising;
Business Startups;
Internet and the Web;
Entrepreneurship;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Social Issues;
Social Enterprise;
Retail Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Health Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Education Industry;
Distribution Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Canada;
United States;
United Kingdom
- 2022
- Working Paper
Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence
By: Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang and Ali Yurukoglu
Existing theories of media competition imply that advertisers will pay a lower price in equilibrium to reach consumers who multi-home across competing outlets. We generalize and extend this theoretical result and test it using data from television and social media...
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Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang, and Ali Yurukoglu. "Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30278, July 2022.
- 2022
- Working Paper
Product2Vec: Leveraging Representation Learning to Model Consumer Product Choice in Large Assortments
By: Fanglin Chen, Xiao Liu, Davide Proserpio and Isamar Troncoso
We propose a method, Product2Vec, based on representation learning, that can automatically learn latent product attributes that drive consumer choices, to study product-level competition when the number of products is large. We demonstrate Product2Vec’s...
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Chen, Fanglin, Xiao Liu, Davide Proserpio, and Isamar Troncoso. "Product2Vec: Leveraging Representation Learning to Model Consumer Product Choice in Large Assortments." NYU Stern School of Business Research Paper Series, July 2022.
- June 2022
- Case
The SAH Group: The Time is Right
By: Juan Alcacer and Alpana Thapar
In January 2021, Jalila Mezni, cofounder and CEO of the SAH Group, was preparing to present the company’s future growth plans to its board of directors. The Tunisian company was a leading producer and distributor of personal care and packaged hygiene products. In 2019,...
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Keywords:
Growth Management;
Expansion;
Business Divisions;
Product Positioning;
Brands and Branding;
Competition;
Presentations;
Consumer Products Industry;
Tunisia;
Kenya
Alcacer, Juan, and Alpana Thapar. "The SAH Group: The Time is Right." Harvard Business School Case 722-357, June 2022.
- June 2022
- Case
Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU
By: George Serafeim and Benjamin Maletta
In the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (the EU) had led the global fight against climate change with a wide array of policy measures. The EU’s primary approach to climate policy had been taxation via the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU...
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Keywords:
Regulation;
Carbon Emissions;
Trade;
Sustainability;
Decarbonization;
Performance;
Climate Change;
Analysis;
Strategy;
Taxation;
Policy;
Environmental Regulation;
Industry Structures;
European Union
Serafeim, George, and Benjamin Maletta. "Business Implications from Regulating Carbon Emissions in the EU." Harvard Business School Case 122-106, June 2022.
- June 2022
- Article
The Welfare Effects of Peer Entry in the Accommodation Market: The Case of Airbnb and the Accommodation Industry
By: Chiara Farronato and Andrey Fradkin
We study the effects of enabling peer supply through Airbnb in the accommodation industry. We present a model of competition between flexible and dedicated sellers—peer hosts and hotels—who provide differentiated products. We estimate this model using data from major...
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Keywords:
Peer To Peer;
Airbnb;
Digital Platforms;
Market Entry and Exit;
Competition;
Accommodations Industry
Farronato, Chiara, and Andrey Fradkin. "The Welfare Effects of Peer Entry in the Accommodation Market: The Case of Airbnb and the Accommodation Industry." American Economic Review 112, no. 6 (June 2022): 1782–1817.
- June 2022
- Case
Worten Portugal: Becoming a Digital Marketplace
By: Antonio Moreno, Pedro Amorim and Tonia Labruyere
With Amazon's entry into Portugal, Miguel Mota Freitas, CEO of Portuguese electronics chain Worten, is reflecting on their strategy of building a competitive marketplace.
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Keywords:
Digital Transformation;
Digital Strategy;
Digital Platforms;
Brands and Branding;
E-commerce;
Logistics;
Service Delivery;
Supply Chain;
Competitive Strategy;
Diversification;
Consumer Products Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Retail Industry;
Portugal;
Spain
Moreno, Antonio, Pedro Amorim, and Tonia Labruyere. "Worten Portugal: Becoming a Digital Marketplace." Harvard Business School Case 622-062, June 2022.
- May 2022
- Supplement
Maestro Pizza (B): The Competition Awakens
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Fares Khrais
Maestro pizza opened its first store in 2013 after its founder, Khalid Al Omran, recognized an opportunity in Saudi Arabia to offer high quality pizza at affordable prices. The business grew rapidly and under the radar at first, but soon enough caught the attention of...
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Keywords:
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Competition;
Market Entry and Exit;
Emerging Markets;
Business Startups;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Product Positioning;
Disruption;
Disruptive Innovation;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Social Media;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Crisis Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Product Development;
Production;
Service Delivery;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Financial Statements;
Cost Management;
Analysis;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Customer Satisfaction;
Profit;
Family Ownership;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Saudi Arabia;
Middle East
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Fares Khrais. "Maestro Pizza (B): The Competition Awakens." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-400, May 2022.
- May 2022
- Supplement
Maestro Pizza (C): Taking the Fight Outside
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Fares Khrais
Maestro pizza opened its first store in 2013 after its founder, Khalid Al Omran, recognized an opportunity in Saudi Arabia to offer high quality pizza at affordable prices. The business grew rapidly and under the radar at first, but soon enough caught the attention of...
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Keywords:
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Competition;
Market Entry and Exit;
Emerging Markets;
Business Startups;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Product Positioning;
Disruption;
Disruptive Innovation;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Social Media;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Crisis Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Product Development;
Production;
Service Delivery;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Financial Statements;
Cost Management;
Analysis;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Customer Satisfaction;
Profit;
Family Ownership;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Middle East;
Saudi Arabia
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Fares Khrais. "Maestro Pizza (C): Taking the Fight Outside." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-401, May 2022.
- May 2022
- Case
Maestro Pizza: Coming in Hot!
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Fares Khrais
Maestro Pizza opened its first store in 2013 after its founder, Khalid Al Omran, recognized an opportunity in Saudi Arabia to offer high quality pizza at affordable prices. The business grew rapidly and under the radar at first, but soon enough caught the attention of...
View Details
Keywords:
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Competition;
Market Entry and Exit;
Emerging Markets;
Business Startups;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Product Positioning;
Disruption;
Disruptive Innovation;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Social Media;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Crisis Management;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Brands and Branding;
Product Development;
Production;
Service Delivery;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Financial Statements;
Cost Management;
Analysis;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Customer Satisfaction;
Profit;
Family Ownership;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Middle East;
Saudi Arabia
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Fares Khrais. "Maestro Pizza: Coming in Hot!" Harvard Business School Case 722-399, May 2022.
- Article
Why Build in Web3
By: Jad Esber and Scott Duke Kominers
A major change is coming to the internet. While today’s dominant platforms have guarded their troves of user data and maintained an advantage through network effects, new companies—working in what they're calling a “Web3” model—are proposing a new value proposition to...
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Keywords:
Blockchain;
User Experience;
Digital Platforms;
Network Effects;
Internet and the Web;
Competition;
Web Services Industry
Esber, Jad, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Why Build in Web3." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 16, 2022).
- May 2022 (Revised December 2023)
- Case
Founder Collective
By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
Founder Collective ("FC") launched in 2009 with a clear mission: to be the most aligned fund for founders at the seed stage. In keeping with its mission, FC maintained smaller fund sizes and was not a lifecycle investor. By November of 2021, the seed market had become...
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Keywords:
Seed Investing;
Business Startups;
Mission and Purpose;
Investment;
Competitive Strategy;
Venture Capital
Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "Founder Collective." Harvard Business School Case 822-129, May 2022. (Revised December 2023.)
- May 2022
- Case
The NFL’s $110-Billion Media Rights Deals
By: Anita Elberse and Elizabeth Warner
On March 18, 2021, Brian Rolapp, chief media and business officer at the National Football League (NFL) presented the results of a months-long effort to renegotiate rights deals with the NFL’s current partners in television—the media conglomerates behind the networks...
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Keywords:
Sports;
Entertainment;
Media;
Marketing;
Strategy;
General Management;
Negotiation;
Partners and Partnerships;
Competition;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Sports Industry
Elberse, Anita, and Elizabeth Warner. "The NFL’s $110-Billion Media Rights Deals." Harvard Business School Case 522-090, May 2022.
- May 2022 (Revised July 2022)
- Case
The Voice War Continues: Hey Google vs. Alexa vs. Siri in 2022
By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
In 2022, after five years of pursuing a new "AI-first" strategy, Google had captured a sizeable share of the American and global markets for voice assistants. Google Assistant was used by hundreds of millions of users around the world, but Amazon retained the largest...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Artificial Intelligence;
Deep Learning;
Voice Assistants;
Smart Home;
Market Share;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Competitive Strategy;
Digital Platforms;
AI and Machine Learning;
Technology Industry;
United States
Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "The Voice War Continues: Hey Google vs. Alexa vs. Siri in 2022." Harvard Business School Case 722-462, May 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
- April 2022
- Case
NIO: A Chinese EV Company's Global Strategy
By: William C. Kirby, Shu Lin and Noah B. Truwit
Founded in November 2014 and based in Shanghai, NIO designed, jointly manufactured, and sold premium “smart” EVs. Its mission was to “shape a joyful lifestyle by offering high-performance smart electric vehicles and being the best user enterprise. At NIO Day 2021,...
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Keywords:
Electric Vehicles;
Expansion;
Technological Innovation;
Market Entry and Exit;
Competitive Strategy;
Consumer Behavior;
Green Technology;
Auto Industry;
China;
Europe;
Norway
Kirby, William C., Shu Lin, and Noah B. Truwit. "NIO: A Chinese EV Company's Global Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 322-106, April 2022.
- April 2022
- Case
Mastercard: Creating a World Beyond Cash
In late 2021, Mastercard CEO Michael Miebach and Chairman and former CEO Ajaypal “Ajay” Banga considered how Mastercard could best position itself for continued success in the years to come. Since Mastercard’s initial public offering in 2006, the company had grown and...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Leadership;
Leading Change;
Organizational Culture;
Business Strategy;
Change;
Change Management;
Money;
Cash;
Credit;
Financial Institutions;
Banks and Banking;
Central Banking;
Financial Instruments;
Credit Cards;
Financial Markets;
Globalization;
Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Leadership Style;
Competitive Advantage;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Information Technology;
Banking Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
North and Central America;
United States;
New York (state, US)
Gupta, Sunil, Linda A. Hill, Julia Kelley, and Emily Tedards. "Mastercard: Creating a World Beyond Cash." Harvard Business School Case 522-001, April 2022.
- April 2022
- Teaching Note
Tempur Sealy International (A, B & C)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 718-422, 718-423, and 718-424. The cases explore the long-term relationship between Tempur Sealy (TPX, a mattress manufacturer) and Mattress Firm (MFRM, a bedding retailer and TPX's largest customer). For almost 20 years, the firms...
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Keywords:
Porter's 5 Forces;
Bargaining Power;
Buyer Power;
Customer Power;
Supplier Power;
Negotiations;
Value Capture;
Private Equity;
Consumer Durables;
Consumer Discretionary;
Mattresses;
B-2-B;
Industry Dynamics;
Leadership;
Compensation;
Corporate Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Value Creation;
Competition;
Cooperation;
Distribution;
Negotiation;
Industry Structures;
Customers;
Relationships;
Distribution Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Retail Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
United States;
South Africa
- March 2022 (Revised November 2023)
- Case
Doubling Down: Elon Musk's Big Bets in 2022
By: David Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
2021 was a banner year for Elon Musk. CEO of the electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla, the aerospace manufacturer SpaceX, and a few smaller startups, Musk became the richest person on Earth after Tesla reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion and SpaceX a private...
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Keywords:
Innovation and Management;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Applications and Software;
Transportation;
Strategic Planning;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Goals and Objectives;
Aerospace Industry;
Auto Industry;
Battery Industry;
United States;
Europe;
China
Yoffie, David, and Daniel Fisher. "Doubling Down: Elon Musk's Big Bets in 2022." Harvard Business School Case 722-439, March 2022. (Revised November 2023.)