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- Faculty Publications (170)
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- All HBS Web (239)
- Faculty Publications (170)
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- September 2008
- Case
Samoa Tala
By: Joshua D. Coval, Bhagwan Chowdhry and Konark Saxena
This case examines currency risks faced by Microfinance Institutions, and evaluates strategies to hedge them in countries with pegged currency regimes and no derivatives markets. An MFI based in Western Samoa borrows in different currencies like the US dollar and the...
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Keywords:
Cash Flow;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Microfinance;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Financial Services Industry;
Samoa
Coval, Joshua D., Bhagwan Chowdhry, and Konark Saxena. "Samoa Tala." Harvard Business School Case 209-053, September 2008.
- April 2011 (Revised December 2017)
- Case
Latvia: Navigating the Strait of Messina
By: Rafael Di Tella, Rawi Abdelal and Natalie Kindred
This case describes Latvia's transition from a Soviet republic into an EU member, its economic boom and subsequent bust in 2008, and its policy response. After implementing significant economic and political reforms in order to qualify for EU membership in 2004, Latvia...
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Keywords:
Currency Exchange Rate;
Competitive Strategy;
Economic Growth;
Policy;
Financial Crisis;
Economic Slowdown and Stagnation;
Latvia
Di Tella, Rafael, Rawi Abdelal, and Natalie Kindred. "Latvia: Navigating the Strait of Messina." Harvard Business School Case 711-053, April 2011. (Revised December 2017.)
- March 2022 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender
By: Laura Alfaro, Carla Larangeira and Ruth Costas
In June 2021, Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s president, surprised the world with the announcement that the country would adopt bitcoin as legal tender, becoming the first nation to do so. Bitcoin was mostly used for trading and had one of the most volatile track records...
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Keywords:
Bitcoin;
Cryptocurrency;
Currency;
Financial Strategy;
Economic Growth;
Governance;
Macroeconomics;
Assets;
Latin America;
El Salvador
Alfaro, Laura, Carla Larangeira, and Ruth Costas. "El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender." Harvard Business School Case 322-055, March 2022. (Revised February 2024.)
- Research Summary
Overview
Professor Schreger studies international finance and macroeconomics, with an emphasis on sovereign debt. Following a series of sovereign debt crises in the 1980s and 1990s, which caused defaults among emerging markets governments on their foreign currency obligations,...
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- 2009
- Working Paper
The End of Chimerica
By: Niall Ferguson and Moritz Schularick
For the better part of the past decade, the world economy has been dominated by a world economic order that combined Chinese export-led development with US over-consumption. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 likely marks the beginning of the end of the Chimerican...
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Keywords:
History;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Economic Growth;
Trade;
Financial Crisis;
China;
United States
Ferguson, Niall, and Moritz Schularick. "The End of Chimerica." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-037, November 2009.
- June 12, 2017
- Article
Corporate Balance Sheets in Emerging Markets: A Comparison of the Global Crisis and the Asian Financial Crisis
By: Laura Alfaro, Gonzalo Asis, Anusha Chari and Ugo Panizza
Leverage levels in emerging market firms rose dramatically in the aftermath of the Global Crisis. This column examines whether concerns of a repeat of the Asian financial crisis, which was largely attributed to corporate financial roots, are justified. While firm...
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Alfaro, Laura, Gonzalo Asis, Anusha Chari, and Ugo Panizza. "Corporate Balance Sheets in Emerging Markets: A Comparison of the Global Crisis and the Asian Financial Crisis." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (June 12, 2017).
- March 1984 (Revised November 2001)
- Case
Decline of the Dollar, The: 1978
Describes the U.S. experience with floating exchange rates between 1973 and 1978, focusing on the rapid decline of the dollar in the summer of 1978. Illustrates the major determinants of the exchange rates and the role of government intervention in the foreign exchange...
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Rukstad, Michael G., and Daniel Pope. "Decline of the Dollar, The: 1978." Harvard Business School Case 384-116, March 1984. (Revised November 2001.)
- Article
The End of Chimerica
For the better part of the past decade, the world economy has been marked by an economic order that combined Chinese export-led development with U.S. over-consumption. The financial crisis of 2007-09 likely marks the beginning of the end of the Chimerican relationship....
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Ferguson, Niall, and Moritz Schularick. "The End of Chimerica." International Finance 14, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 1–26.
- August 2010 (Revised February 2012)
- Supplement
Cosmeticos de Espana, S.A. (D)
By: David F. Hawkins
The fourth case in the Cosmeticos de Espana case series. What should management's accounting response be to the imposition of foreign currency controls?
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Keywords:
Financial Statements;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Inflation and Deflation;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Governance Controls;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Spain;
Venezuela
Hawkins, David F. "Cosmeticos de Espana, S.A. (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 111-030, August 2010. (Revised February 2012.)
- March 2006 (Revised April 2010)
- Case
China: To Float or Not To Float? (A)
By: Laura Alfaro, Rafael M. Di Tella and Ingrid Vogel
On July 21, 2005 China revalued its decade-long quasi-fixed exchange rate of approximately 8.28 yuan per U.S. dollar by 2.1% to 8.11 and, at the same time, introduced a more market-based exchange rate system. Many analysts and economists were disappointed with what...
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Keywords:
Macroeconomics;
Trade;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Governance Controls;
Policy;
Growth and Development Strategy;
China
Alfaro, Laura, Rafael M. Di Tella, and Ingrid Vogel. "China: To Float or Not To Float? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 706-021, March 2006. (Revised April 2010.)
- October 1989 (Revised May 1990)
- Case
Jaguar plc--1984
By: Timothy A. Luehrman and William Schiano
A vehicle for analyzing the exposure of operating cash flows to exchange rate changes. Considers the value of Jaguar plc at the time of its privatization and share offering in 1984. Jaguar is a major exporter from the United Kingdom and the United States is therefore...
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Keywords:
Change;
Cash Flow;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Risk Management;
Privatization;
Valuation;
Auto Industry;
United Kingdom;
United States
Luehrman, Timothy A., and William Schiano. "Jaguar plc--1984." Harvard Business School Case 290-005, October 1989. (Revised May 1990.)
- March 1992 (Revised December 1992)
- Case
Harley-Davidson, Inc.--1987
By: W. Carl Kester and Julia Morley
After an LBO and near bankruptcy in the early 1980s, Harley-Davidson makes an astonishing recovery, going public in 1986. Its listing on the New York Stock Exchange in 1987 provides the occasion of an equity analyst to publish a research report in which she must issue...
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Keywords:
Leveraged Buyouts;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Reports;
Crisis Management;
Going Public;
Research;
Competition;
Auto Industry;
Japan;
New York (city, NY)
Kester, W. Carl, and Julia Morley. "Harley-Davidson, Inc.--1987." Harvard Business School Case 292-082, March 1992. (Revised December 1992.)
- August 2010 (Revised February 2012)
- Case
Cosmeticos de Espana, S.A. (A)
By: David F. Hawkins
Management must decide which exchange rate to use to consolidate the company's Venezuelan subsidiary.
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Keywords:
Financial Statements;
Business Subsidiaries;
Inflation and Deflation;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Spain;
Venezuela
Hawkins, David F. "Cosmeticos de Espana, S.A. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 111-019, August 2010. (Revised February 2012.)
- September 1987 (Revised November 1992)
- Background Note
Note on Transaction and Translation Exposure
By: W. Carl Kester and Richard P. Melnick
Describes the transaction and translation exposures that companies doing business internationally face when foreign exchange rates change. Also discusses how to measure and cover both types of exposure. Covering techniques are demonstrated using examples of forward...
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Kester, W. Carl, and Richard P. Melnick. "Note on Transaction and Translation Exposure." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-017, September 1987. (Revised November 1992.)
- January 1987 (Revised November 1991)
- Case
R.J. Reynolds International Financing
By: W. Carl Kester and William B. Allen
Reynolds must source a substantial portion of the financing of its Nabisco acquisition in offshore bond markets. Morgan Guaranty has proposed a yen/dollar dual currency Eurobond that could be hedged into dollars. This structure is compared to Eurodollar Bonds, Euroyen...
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Keywords:
Acquisition;
Capital Markets;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Credit Derivatives and Swaps;
Bonds;
Financing and Loans
Kester, W. Carl, and William B. Allen. "R.J. Reynolds International Financing." Harvard Business School Case 287-057, January 1987. (Revised November 1991.)
- March 2011 (Revised February 2012)
- Supplement
Cosmeticos de Espana, S.A. (E)
By: David F. Hawkins
Spanish parent company must decide on the Euro/BsF exchange rate to translate its Venezuelan subsidiary's financial statements into Euros.
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Keywords:
Financial Statements;
Business Subsidiaries;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Currency Exchange Rate;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Spain;
Venezuela
Hawkins, David F. "Cosmeticos de Espana, S.A. (E)." Harvard Business School Supplement 111-119, March 2011. (Revised February 2012.)
- June 2003 (Revised January 2004)
- Case
The Euro-Dollar Decision (A)
By: Huw Pill, John C. Kelleher, Michael T. Nally and David Schlendorf
Explores the factors that determine floating exchange rates in the context of the introduction of the euro in January 1999.
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Pill, Huw, John C. Kelleher, Michael T. Nally, and David Schlendorf. "The Euro-Dollar Decision (A)." Harvard Business School Case 703-071, June 2003. (Revised January 2004.)
- 2017
- Working Paper
Lessons Unlearned? Corporate Debt in Emerging Markets
By: Laura Alfaro, Gonzalo Asis, Anusha Chari and Ugo Panizza
This paper documents a set of new stylized facts about leverage and financial fragility for emerging market firms following the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Corporate debt vulnerability indicators during the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) attributed to corporate...
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Keywords:
Corporate Debt;
Financial Fragility;
Firm-level Data;
Large Firms;
Emerging Markets;
Borrowing and Debt;
Corporate Finance;
Financial Condition
Alfaro, Laura, Gonzalo Asis, Anusha Chari, and Ugo Panizza. "Lessons Unlearned? Corporate Debt in Emerging Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-097, May 2017. (Revised October 2017. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 23407, May 2017)
- 2019
- Working Paper
The Effect of Payment Choices on Online Retail: Evidence from the 2016 Indian Demonetization
By: Chaithanya Bandi, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe and Zhiji Xu
The Indian banknote demonetization in 2016 was one of the most significant international events of that year. Overnight, 86% of Indian currency in circulation was declared invalid unless exchanged for new bills. The sudden and unexpected demonetization constituted a...
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Keywords:
Cash On Delivery;
Online Retail;
Product Returns;
Payment Methods;
Digitization;
Emerging Markets;
Currency;
Internet and the Web;
Demand and Consumers;
Retail Industry;
India
Bandi, Chaithanya, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe, and Zhiji Xu. "The Effect of Payment Choices on Online Retail: Evidence from the 2016 Indian Demonetization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-123, June 2019.
- September 1987 (Revised November 1992)
- Background Note
Note on Operating Exposure to Exchange-Rate Changes
By: Timothy A. Luehrman
Describes the effects on operating cash flows of a real change in exchange rates. Describes different elements of operating exposure and includes illustrative examples.
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Luehrman, Timothy A. "Note on Operating Exposure to Exchange-Rate Changes." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-018, September 1987. (Revised November 1992.)