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All HBS Web
(1,064)
- Faculty Publications (284)
- Article
Invention and Agglomeration in the Bay Area: Not Just ICT
By: Chris Forman, Avi Goldfarb and Shane Greenstein
We document that the Bay Area rose from 4% of all successful US patent applications in 1976 to 16% in 2008. This is partly driven by the increase in the prevalence of information and communication technology; however, even for patents unrelated to information and...
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Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. "Invention and Agglomeration in the Bay Area: Not Just ICT." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 106, no. 5 (May 2016): 146–151.
- May 2016
- Article
Return Migration and Geography of Innovation in MNEs: A Natural Experiment of Knowledge Production by Local Workers Reporting to Return Migrants
I study whether return migrants facilitate knowledge production by local employees working for them at geographically distant R&D locations. Using unique personnel and patenting data for 1,315 employees at the Indian R&D center of a Fortune 500 technology firm, I...
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Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Return Migration and Geography of Innovation in MNEs: A Natural Experiment of Knowledge Production by Local Workers Reporting to Return Migrants." Journal of Economic Geography 16, no. 3 (May 2016): 585–610.
- Article
The Growing Problem of Patent Trolling
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
The last decade has seen a sharp rise in patent litigation in the U.S., with 2015 having one of the highest patent lawsuit counts on record. In theory, this could be a consequence of growth in the commercialization of technology and innovation—patent lawsuits increase...
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Keywords:
Patent Aggregators;
Patent Litigation;
Patent Pools;
Patent Trolls;
Patents;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
United States
Cohen, Lauren, Umit Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "The Growing Problem of Patent Trolling." Science 352, no. 6285 (April 29, 2016): 521–522. (Explanatory Video.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
The Impact of Patent Wars on Firm Strategy: Evidence from the Global Smartphone Market
By: Feng Zhu
Strategy scholars have documented in various empirical settings that firms seek and leverage stronger institutions to mitigate hazards and gain competitive advantage. In this paper, we argue that such “institution-seeking” behavior may not be confined to the pursuit of...
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Keywords:
Patent Wars;
Patent Litigation;
Intellectual Property (IP) Enforcement;
Institutions;
Smartphone;
Patent Thicket;
Digital Platforms;
Patents;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Business Strategy;
Telecommunications Industry
Paik, Yongwook, and Feng Zhu. "The Impact of Patent Wars on Firm Strategy: Evidence from the Global Smartphone Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-015, August 2013. (Revised March 2016.)
- February 2016
- Article
Bridging Science and Technology Through Academic-Industry Partnerships
By: Sen Chai and Willy C. Shih
Partnerships that foster the translation of scientific advances emerging from academic research organizations into commercialized products at private firms are a policy tool that has attracted increased interest. This paper examines empirical data from the Danish...
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Keywords:
Economic Development;
Technological Change;
Government Policy;
Technological Innovation;
Research and Development;
Information Technology;
Policy;
Technology Industry;
Denmark
Chai, Sen, and Willy C. Shih. "Bridging Science and Technology Through Academic-Industry Partnerships." Research Policy 45, no. 1 (February 2016): 148–158.
- 2015
- Working Paper
Financial Patent Quality: Finance Patents After State Street
By: Josh Lerner, Andrew Speen, Mark Baker and Ann Leamon
In the past two decades, patents of inventions related to financial services ("finance patents"), as well as litigation around these patents, have surged. One of the repeated concerns voiced by academics and practitioners alike has been about the quality of these...
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Lerner, Josh, Andrew Speen, Mark Baker, and Ann Leamon. "Financial Patent Quality: Finance Patents After State Street." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-068, December 2015.
- October 2015
- Article
Agglomerative Forces and Cluster Shapes
By: William R. Kerr and Scott Duke Kominers
We model spatial clusters of similar firms. Our model highlights how agglomerative forces lead to localized, individual connections among firms, while interaction costs generate a defined distance over which attraction forces operate. Overlapping firm interactions...
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Keywords:
Agglomeration;
Clusters;
Industrial Organization;
Silicon Valley;
Technology Flows;
Patents;
Networks;
Information Technology;
Industry Clusters;
Entrepreneurship;
California
Kerr, William R., and Scott Duke Kominers. "Agglomerative Forces and Cluster Shapes." Review of Economics and Statistics 97, no. 4 (October 2015): 877–899.
- 2015
- Chapter
Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity
By: Chris Forman, Avi Goldfarb and Shane Greenstein
We examine the relationship between the diffusion of advanced Internet technology and the geographic concentration of invention, as measured by patents. First, we show that patenting became more concentrated from the early 1990s to the early 2000s and, similarly, that...
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Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. "Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity." In The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, edited by Adam Jaffe and Benjamin Jones, 169–196. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
- 2015
- Chapter
Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy
By: Ramana Nanda, Ken Younge and Lee Fleming
We document three facts related to innovation and entrepreneurship in renewable energy. Using data from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, we first show that patenting in renewable energy remains highly concentrated in a few large energy firms. In 2009, the top 20...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Entrepreneurial Management;
Energy;
Finance;
Entrepreneurship;
Energy Industry
Nanda, Ramana, Ken Younge, and Lee Fleming. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy." Chap. 7 in The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, edited by Adam Jaffe and Benjamin Jones, 199–232. University of Chicago Press, 2015.
- June 2015 (Revised January 2017)
- Case
Epistar and the Global LED Market
By: Willy C. Shih, Chen-Fu Chien and Hung-Kai Wang
It took BJ Lee many years to learn how to navigate the patent minefield that was the global LED industry. When his company was first spun off from the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan, he thought the essence of a good IP strategy was to develop a...
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Keywords:
Intellectual Property Management;
Patenting;
Patent Litigation;
Intellectual Property;
Patents;
Electronics Industry;
Semiconductor Industry;
Asia;
United States;
Japan;
Taiwan
Shih, Willy C., Chen-Fu Chien, and Hung-Kai Wang. "Epistar and the Global LED Market." Harvard Business School Case 615-053, June 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
- June 2015
- Article
Standard-Essential Patents
By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
A major policy issue in standard setting is that patents that are ex-ante not that important may, by being included into the standard, become standard-essential patents (SEPs). In an attempt to curb the monopoly power that they create, most standard-setting...
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Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "Standard-Essential Patents." Journal of Political Economy 123, no. 3 (June 2015): 547–586.
- Article
Congress Must Look Forward in Reining in Patent Trolls
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
Cohen, Lauren, Umit G. Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Congress Must Look Forward in Reining in Patent Trolls." Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly (May 28, 2015).
- February 2015
- Article
'Open' Disclosure of Innovations, Incentives and Follow-on Reuse: Theory on Processes of Cumulative Innovation and a Field Experiment in Computational Biology
By: Kevin J. Boudreau and Karim R. Lakhani
Most of society's innovation systems―academic science, the patent system, open source, etc.―are "open" in the sense that they are designed to facilitate knowledge disclosure among innovators. An essential difference across innovation systems is whether disclosure is of...
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Keywords:
Open Innovation;
Cumulative Innovation;
Incentives;
Search;
Disclosure And Access;
Knowledge Sharing;
Motivation and Incentives;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Boudreau, Kevin J., and Karim R. Lakhani. "'Open' Disclosure of Innovations, Incentives and Follow-on Reuse: Theory on Processes of Cumulative Innovation and a Field Experiment in Computational Biology." Research Policy 44, no. 1 (February 2015): 4–19.
- December 2014
- Article
Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance
By: Mercedes Delgado, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in regional industry performance. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in...
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Delgado, Mercedes, Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. "Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance." Research Policy 43, no. 10 (December 2014): 1785–1799.
- 2014
- Article
Are Patents Creative or Destructive?
By: Tom Nicholas
Current debate over patent aggregation has led to renewed interest in the long-standing question concerning whether patents are a creative or a destructive influence on the process of technological development. In this paper I examine the basic patent tradeoff between...
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Nicholas, Tom. "Are Patents Creative or Destructive?" Antitrust Law Journal 79, no. 2 (2014): 405–421.
- Article
Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?
By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient...
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Keywords:
Great Depression;
R&D;
Bank Distress;
Patents;
Research and Development;
Financial Crisis;
Banks and Banking;
Innovation and Invention;
Banking Industry;
United States
Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Journal of Financial Economics 114, no. 2 (November 2014): 273–292.
- 2014
- Chapter
Technology, Innovation and Economic Growth in Britain Since 1870
By: Tom Nicholas
This chapter examines technological change in Britain over the last 140 years. It analyzes the effects of patent laws and innovation prizes that were designed to promote technical progress. It explores the challenge associated with the changing organizational structure...
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Keywords:
Information Technology;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
History;
Economic Growth;
Change;
Innovation and Invention;
Great Britain
Nicholas, Tom. "Technology, Innovation and Economic Growth in Britain Since 1870." Chap. 7, Vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain. New ed. Edited by Roderick Floud, Jane Humphries, and Paul Johnson, 181–204. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
- September 2014 (Revised March 2022)
- Case
Samuel Colt: An American Gun Maker
By: Tom Nicholas and Casey Verkamp
Samuel Colt not only perfected and patented the technology for a gun that could fire multiple times without reloading, but he also developed and applied early principles of mass production more completely than anyone had done before. Until the nineteenth century,...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Product Positioning;
Machinery and Machining;
Production;
Independent Innovation and Invention;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Nicholas, Tom, and Casey Verkamp. "Samuel Colt: An American Gun Maker." Harvard Business School Case 815-061, September 2014. (Revised March 2022.)
- 2018
- Working Paper
Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun and Scott Duke Kominers
We provide the first large-sample evidence on the behavior and impact of non-practicing entities (NPEs) in the intellectual property space. We find that on average, NPEs appear to behave as opportunistic “patent trolls.” NPEs sue cash-rich firms—and target cash in...
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Keywords:
Patent Trolls;
NPEs;
PAEs;
Innovation;
Patents;
Ethics;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Innovation and Invention;
Corporate Finance
Cohen, Lauren, Umit G. Gurun, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-002, July 2014. (Revised June 2018.)
- May 2014
- Supplement
RCA: Color Television and the Department of Justice (B)
By: Willy C. Shih and Gregory Dieterich
This case is a supplement to 614-072, which examines the early history of the color television receiver market, and the global consequences of an historic 1958 consent decree with the U.S. Department of Justice that opened RCA's patents to licensing by domestic...
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Keywords:
Intellectual Property;
Patents;
Rights;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Business History;
Information Technology;
Information Infrastructure;
Communications Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Electronics Industry;
United States;
Japan
Shih, Willy C., and Gregory Dieterich. "RCA: Color Television and the Department of Justice (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 614-073, May 2014.