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- All HBS Web (1,717)
- Faculty Publications (733)
- 14 Jun 2010
- Research & Ideas
The Hard Work of Measuring Social Impact
Quantifying performance and measuring results are no longer the sole domain of for-profit enterprises. Today, many nonprofit organizations also find themselves on the hot seat—not with stockholders but with...
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Keywords:
by Julia Hanna
- September 1987
- Comment
Discussion of 'An Analysis of the Use of Accounting and Market Measures of Performance in Executive Compensation Contracts'
By: George P. Baker
Keywords:
Measurement and Metrics;
Contracts;
Markets;
Executive Compensation;
Accounting;
Performance
Baker, George P. "Discussion of 'An Analysis of the Use of Accounting and Market Measures of Performance in Executive Compensation Contracts'." Journal of Accounting Research (September 1987).
- December 2023
- Case
Robert McNamara: Changing the World
By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the life of Robert McNamara from Harvard Business School to Ford Motor Company to the U.S. Department of Defense. McNamara excelled in every job along the way: becoming the youngest-ever professor at Harvard Business School, the first non-family...
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Keywords:
Performance Measurement;
Military;
Leadership Development;
Values and Beliefs;
Personal Characteristics;
Leadership Style;
Success;
Business and Government Relations;
Power and Influence;
Business Education;
War
Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Robert McNamara: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 124-036, December 2023.
- March 13, 2013
- Blog Post
Let's Be Realistic About Measuring Impact
By: Alnoor Ebrahim
"Measure impact" has become a mantra for creating social change. Claims about making a difference are no longer sufficient; evidence of how much difference you're making is now required. We should applaud this trend, because results are sometimes ambiguous and claims...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Performance Evaluation
Ebrahim, Alnoor. "Let's Be Realistic About Measuring Impact." Harvard Business Review Blogs (March 13, 2013). http://blogs.hbr.org/hbsfaculty/2013/03/lets-be-realistic-about-measur.html.
- June 2014
- Supplement
Chung and Dasgupta: Information for Jordan Ramirez
By: Ian Larkin and Karen Huang
The "Promotion Process at Chung and Dasgupta, LLP" set of cases explores the roles of general and firm-specific human capital in employee performance measurement, feedback, and promotion/compensation decisions. In the cases, a leading law firm must decide whether to...
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Keywords:
Performance Appraisal;
Performance Measurement;
Employee Feedback;
Motivation;
Promotions;
Human Capital;
Performance Evaluation;
Management Systems;
Compensation and Benefits;
Retention;
Legal Services Industry;
United States;
Massachusetts
Larkin, Ian, and Karen Huang. "Chung and Dasgupta: Information for Jordan Ramirez." Harvard Business School Supplement 914-046, June 2014.
- June 2016
- Article
Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation for Corporate Social Responsibility
By: Bryan Hong, Zhichuan (Frank) Li and Dylan B. Minor
We link the corporate governance literature in financial economics to the agency cost perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to derive theoretical predictions about the relationship between corporate governance and the existence of executive compensation...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Incentives For CSR;
Non-financial Performance Measures;
Agency Costs;
Board Independence;
Institutional Holdings;
Managerial Power;
Motivation and Incentives;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Executive Compensation;
Corporate Governance
Hong, Bryan, Zhichuan (Frank) Li, and Dylan B. Minor. "Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation for Corporate Social Responsibility." Journal of Business Ethics 136, no. 1 (June 2016): 199–213.
- February 2013 (Revised March 2013)
- Case
Agero: Enhancing Capabilities for Customers
By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred
This case illustrates the importance of choosing a primary customer as the basis for organization design. Cross Country Group managers adjusted resource allocation, organization design and performance measures over time to transform Cross Country Group from an... View Details
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Management;
Entrepreneurial Gap;
Entrepreneurship;
Auto Industry;
Insurance;
Performance Management;
Performance Measurement;
Performance Measures;
Performance Pressure;
Decisions;
Family Business;
Resource Allocation;
Organizational Design;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Performance Evaluation;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Service Industry
Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Agero: Enhancing Capabilities for Customers." Harvard Business School Case 113-001, February 2013. (Revised March 2013.)
- 28 Mar 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
CEO Behavior and Firm Performance
- November 2016 (Revised March 2018)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 9: Building a Balanced Scorecard
By: Robert Simons
This module reading explains how to construct a strategy map and build a balanced scorecard. Using an internal value chain model, the module illustrates how a balanced scorecard can support and enable customer management, innovation, operations, and post-sale service...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Execution;
Performance Measurement;
Strategy Map;
Business Goals;
Customer Measures;
Strategy;
Balanced Scorecard;
Business Model
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 9: Building a Balanced Scorecard." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-109, November 2016. (Revised March 2018.)
- November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 8: Linking Performance to Markets
By: Robert Simons
This module reading shows how to link profit plans and other performance measurement systems to both internal and external markets. Starting with the transfer of goods and services within a firm, the module discusses the different methods of designing transfer pricing...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Execution;
Transfer Pricing;
Activity Based Costing;
Return On Investment;
Residual Income;
EVA;
Strategy;
Cost Accounting;
Activity Based Costing and Management;
Markets;
Investment Return
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 8: Linking Performance to Markets." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-108, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Technology Differentiation and Firm Performance
By: Sam Arts, Bruno Cassiman and Jianan Hou
Prior work has extensively studied how investing in R&D and building a technology portfolio relate to superior firm performance. However, the value of a firm’s technology portfolio should also be driven by the degree to which it is more unique and technologically...
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Keywords:
Technology Portfolio;
Differentiation;
Competitiveness;
Organizations;
Technology;
Performance;
United States
Arts, Sam, Bruno Cassiman, and Jianan Hou. "Technology Differentiation and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-040, December 2021.
- Article
Don't Stop Believing: Rituals Improve Performance by Decreasing Anxiety
By: Alison Wood Brooks, Julianna Schroeder, Jane Risen, Francesca Gino, Adam D. Galinsky, Michael I. Norton and Maurice Schweitzer
From public speaking to first dates, people frequently experience performance anxiety. And when experienced immediately before or during performance, anxiety harms performance. Across a series of experiments, we explore the efficacy of a common strategy that people...
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Brooks, Alison Wood, Julianna Schroeder, Jane Risen, Francesca Gino, Adam D. Galinsky, Michael I. Norton, and Maurice Schweitzer. "Don't Stop Believing: Rituals Improve Performance by Decreasing Anxiety." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 137 (November 2016): 71–85.
- January 1982 (Revised November 1982)
- Case
General Foods: Productivity Measurement Program
By: Robert H. Hayes and Kim B. Clark
Hayes, Robert H., and Kim B. Clark. "General Foods: Productivity Measurement Program." Harvard Business School Case 682-072, January 1982. (Revised November 1982.)
- September 2016 (Revised January 2018)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 4: Organizing for Performance
By: Robert Simons
This module reading explores the implications of different business models on organization design. After discussing the distinction between units focused on work processes and those devoted to markets, the analysis provides insight as to when to organize businesses by...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Execution;
Customer Focused Organization;
Specialization;
Span Of Control;
Span Of Accountability;
Span Of Attention;
Strategy;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 4: Organizing for Performance." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-104, September 2016. (Revised January 2018.)
- 04 Oct 2004
- Research & Ideas
Start to Measure Your E-commerce Success
payoffs of e-commerce operational and capital investments are necessary to demonstrate the value creation of e-commerce initiatives and to obtain additional resources for critical e-commerce projects. The measures are essential to monitor...
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by Marc J. Epstein
- Article
A Better Way to Assess Managerial Performance
Total shareholder return (TSR) has become the definitive metric for gauging performance. Unlike accounting measures such as revenue growth or earnings per share that reflect the past, TSR is based on share price and thus captures investor expectations of what will...
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Keywords:
Total Shareholder Return;
Buybacks;
Core Operating Shareholder Return;
Management;
Operations;
Performance;
Measurement and Metrics
Desai, Mihir, Mark Egan, and Scott Mayfield. "A Better Way to Assess Managerial Performance." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 134–141.
- Article
Why Grit Requires Perseverance and Passion to Positively Predict Performance
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Andreas Wihler, Erica R. Bailey and Adam D. Galinsky
Prior studies linking grit—defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals—to performance are beset by contradictory evidence. As a result, commentators have increasingly declared that grit has limited effects. We propose that this inconsistent evidence has...
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Keywords:
Grit;
Perseverance;
Passion;
Motivation;
Personal Characteristics;
Emotions;
Performance;
Motivation and Incentives
Jachimowicz, Jon M., Andreas Wihler, Erica R. Bailey, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Why Grit Requires Perseverance and Passion to Positively Predict Performance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 40 (October 2, 2018): 9980–9985.
- 2021
- Working Paper
CEO Activism, Consumer Polarization, and Firm Performance
By: Young Hou and Christopher W. Poliquin
CEOs are increasingly engaging in activism on controversial social and political issues that do not directly affect their businesses. Simultaneously, the general public is increasingly polarized. We examine how CEO support for gun control after two mass shootings...
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Keywords:
CEO Activism;
Guns;
Polarization;
Non-market Strategy;
Social Issues;
Leadership;
Consumer Behavior;
Performance
Hou, Young, and Christopher W. Poliquin. "CEO Activism, Consumer Polarization, and Firm Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-106, February 2021.
- January 2017 (Revised November 2018)
- Case
Vox Capital: Pioneering Impact Investing in Brazil
By: Julie Battilana, Marissa Kimsey, Falko Paetzold and Priscilla Zogbi
Vox Capital was the first certified impact investing fund in Brazil. Founded in 2009, it provides early-stage capital for companies offering innovative and scalable solutions to enhance the lives of low-income Brazilians, while aiming to simultaneously generate...
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Keywords:
Impact Investing;
Social Performance Measurement;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Investment Funds;
Social Enterprise;
Brazil
Battilana, Julie, Marissa Kimsey, Falko Paetzold, and Priscilla Zogbi. "Vox Capital: Pioneering Impact Investing in Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 417-051, January 2017. (Revised November 2018.)