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All HBS Web
(1,771)
- People (1)
- News (222)
- Research (1,286)
- Events (16)
- Multimedia (6)
- Faculty Publications (797)
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- Article
How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition
By: Michael E. Porter and James E. Heppelmann
Information technology is revolutionizing products. Once composed solely of mechanical and electrical parts, products have become complex systems that combine hardware, sensors, data storage, microprocessors, software, and connectivity in myriad ways. These "smart,...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Competition;
Information Technology;
Transformation;
Information Technology Industry
Porter, Michael E., and James E. Heppelmann. "How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition." Harvard Business Review 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 64–88.
- December 2014 (Revised March 2018)
- Case
John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World
By: Tom Nicholas and Vasiliki Fouka
By the late nineteenth century scale and managerial hierarchies had extended to several major industrial sectors of the U.S. economy. Although the precise mechanisms often varied, this process mainly involved horizontal integration, some form of legal or administrative...
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Keywords:
Horizontal Integration;
Wealth;
Business History;
Vertical Integration;
Consolidation;
Personal Development and Career;
Energy Industry;
United States
Nicholas, Tom, and Vasiliki Fouka. "John D. Rockefeller: The Richest Man in the World." Harvard Business School Case 815-088, December 2014. (Revised March 2018.)
- December 1998 (Revised July 2010)
- Background Note
Passive Activity Losses
By: Henry B. Reiling, Mark Pollard and Kevin Wall
Discusses the historical context, purpose, primary mechanical features, and effects of the passive activity loss rules.
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Keywords:
Finance;
Government Legislation;
Taxation;
Business and Government Relations;
Public Administration Industry
Reiling, Henry B., Mark Pollard, and Kevin Wall. "Passive Activity Losses." Harvard Business School Background Note 299-039, December 1998. (Revised July 2010.)
- September 2001
- Background Note
Financial Reporting Environment, The
Provides a framework for understanding the role of financial reporting and various intermediaries as mechanisms for reducing both adverse selection and moral hazard problems in capital markets. Financial reports reduce adverse selection by providing basic information...
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Keywords:
Financial Reporting;
Financial Statements;
Capital Markets;
Venture Capital;
Corporate Disclosure;
Conflict of Interests
Healy, Paul M., Amy P. Hutton, Robert S. Kaplan, and Krishna G. Palepu. "Financial Reporting Environment, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 102-029, September 2001.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Preference Intensities and Risk Aversion in School Choice: A Laboratory Experiment
By: Flip Klijn, Joana Pais and Marc Vorsatz
We experimentally investigate in the laboratory two prominent mechanisms that are employed in school choice programs to assign students to public schools. We study how individual behavior is influenced by preference intensities and risk aversion. Our main results show...
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Keywords:
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Education;
Marketplace Matching;
Risk and Uncertainty;
Behavior;
Personal Characteristics
Klijn, Flip, Joana Pais, and Marc Vorsatz. "Preference Intensities and Risk Aversion in School Choice: A Laboratory Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-093, April 2010.
- August 2024
- Background Note
Brief Note on the U.S. Presidential Electoral Process (2024)
By: Robert F. White
A note describing the history and mechanics of the United States' presidential election system, the electoral college.
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- 2004
- Article
Sources of Structural Inequality in Managerial Labor Markets
By: Rakesh Khurana and Mikolaj Jan Piskorski
This article proposes two mechanisms that allow actors to obtain unearned advantages in labor markets. The first mechanism is consistent with collusive closure arguments. However, it questions the assumption that those who seek to benefit from collusive closure will...
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Khurana, Rakesh, and Mikolaj Jan Piskorski. "Sources of Structural Inequality in Managerial Labor Markets." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 21 (2004): 169–187.
- Teaching Interest
Economic Theory
By: Jerry R. Green
Topics include social choice theory, signaling, mechanism design, general equilibrium, the core, externalities, and public goods.
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- 2008
- Working Paper
Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs
Firms and regulators are increasingly relying on voluntary mechanisms to signal and infer quality of difficult-to-observe management practices. Prior evaluations of voluntary management programs have focused on those that lack verification mechanisms and have found...
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Keywords:
Management Practices and Processes;
Information;
Standards;
Performance Improvement;
Programs;
Environmental Sustainability;
Manufacturing Industry;
United States
Toffel, Michael W. "Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-023, December 2008. (October 2006.)
- January 1994 (Revised November 2001)
- Background Note
Note on the Venture Leasing Industry, A
By: Josh Lerner
Provides an overview of venture leasing, an innovative financing mechanism that resembles both venture equity investments and bank lending.
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Keywords:
Finance
Lerner, Josh. "Note on the Venture Leasing Industry, A." Harvard Business School Background Note 294-069, January 1994. (Revised November 2001.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Hybrid work is emerging as a novel form of organizing work globally. This paper reports causal evidence on how the extent of hybrid work—the number of days worked from home relative to days worked from the office—affects work outcomes. Collaborating with an...
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Keywords:
Hybrid Work;
Remote Work;
Work-from-home;
Field Experiment;
Employees;
Geographic Location;
Performance;
Work-Life Balance
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Kyle Schirmann. "Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-063, March 2022.
- September 2011
- Article
What Drives Innovation?
By: Tom Nicholas
The idea that innovation drives economic growth is incontrovertible, but the factors that, in turn, drive innovation are not fully understood. This paper surveys the recent literature, focusing on three main drivers: intellectual property rights institutions, the...
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Nicholas, Tom. "What Drives Innovation?" Antitrust Law Journal 77, no. 3 (September 2011).
- August 2019
- Article
Cadet-Branch Matching in a Kelso-Crawford Economy
By: Ravi Jagadeesan
Sönmez (2013) and Sönmez and Switzer (2013) used matching theory with unilaterally substitutable priorities to propose mechanisms to match cadets to military branches. This paper shows that, alternatively, the Sönmez and Sönmez–Switzer mechanisms can be constructed as...
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Jagadeesan, Ravi. "Cadet-Branch Matching in a Kelso-Crawford Economy." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 11, no. 3 (August 2019): 191–224.
- January 1999 (Revised October 2010)
- Background Note
Accumulated Earnings Tax and Personal Holding Company Tax
By: Henry B. Reiling and Mark Pollard
Identifies Congress's concerns and objectives in adopting the Accumulated Earnings Tax and the Personal Holding Company Tax. Also describes the provisions' mechanics and some of their practical implications.
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Keywords:
Business Earnings;
Taxation;
Business and Government Relations;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Public Administration Industry;
United States
Reiling, Henry B., and Mark Pollard. "Accumulated Earnings Tax and Personal Holding Company Tax." Harvard Business School Background Note 299-043, January 1999. (Revised October 2010.)
- Winter 2014
- Article
Labor Regulations and European Venture Capital
By: Ant Bozkaya and William R. Kerr
European nations substitute between employment protection regulations and labor market expenditures (e.g., unemployment insurance benefits) for providing worker insurance. Employment regulations more directly tax firms making frequent labor adjustments than other labor...
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Bozkaya, Ant, and William R. Kerr. "Labor Regulations and European Venture Capital." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 23, no. 4 (Winter 2014): 776–810.
- 2009
- Working Paper
Labor Regulations and European Private Equity
By: Ant Bozkaya and William R. Kerr
European nations substitute between employment protection regulations and labor market expenditures (e.g., unemployment insurance benefits) for providing worker insurance. Employment regulations more directly tax firms making frequent labor adjustments than other labor...
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- November 2000 (Revised March 2001)
- Case
Alaska Airlines and Flight 261 (A)
Weeks after the crash of Alaska Airlines Flight 261, 64 mechanics claim that they have been "pressured, threatened, and intimidated" into taking shortcuts. After briefly describing Alaska Airlines' history and CEO John Kelly, the case details how the airline responded...
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Keywords:
Safety;
Air Transportation;
Crisis Management;
Labor and Management Relations;
Air Transportation Industry;
Alaska
Watkins, Michael D., and Kim Slack. "Alaska Airlines and Flight 261 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 801-113, November 2000. (Revised March 2001.)
- February 1998
- Background Note
Contracting and Control in Venture Capital
By: Paul A. Gompers
Discusses the control mechanisms and contracts utilized by venture capitalists. The emphasis is on understanding potential conflicts of interest and how the contracts mitigate those conflicts.
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Keywords:
Venture Capital;
Governance Controls;
Contracts;
Business or Company Management;
Conflict of Interests
Gompers, Paul A. "Contracting and Control in Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 298-067, February 1998.
- November 1989 (Revised December 1996)
- Supplement
Wisconsin Central Ltd. Railroad and Berkshire Partners (B): LBO Associations and Corporate Governance
By: Michael C. Jensen
Describes the resolution of the default situation. Further examines the internal control mechanisms and distinct role of the board of directors of a typical LBO association.
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Jensen, Michael C. "Wisconsin Central Ltd. Railroad and Berkshire Partners (B): LBO Associations and Corporate Governance." Harvard Business School Supplement 190-070, November 1989. (Revised December 1996.)
- May 2011
- Article
Overconfidence by Bayesian Rational Agents
This paper derives two mechanisms through which Bayesian-rational individuals with differing priors will tend to be relatively overconfident about their estimates and predictions, in the sense of overestimating the precision of these estimates. The intuition behind one...
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Keywords:
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Risk Management;
Prejudice and Bias
Van den Steen, Eric J. "Overconfidence by Bayesian Rational Agents." Management Science 57, no. 5 (May 2011): 884–896.