Publications

March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
Case

Angel City Football Club: Scoring a New Model

By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Jennifer Fonstad and Nicole Tempest Keller

In January 2024, Kara Nortman, Julie Uhrman, and Natalie Portman, the founders of Angel City Football Club (ACFC) were developing the club’s first three-year strategic plan. Founded in 2020, ACFC had a star-studded investor group, including Portman and celebrities such... View Details

Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Venture Capital; Business Model; Corporate Strategy; Digital Marketing; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States; California; Los Angeles

Educators

2025
Working Paper

Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs

By: Mengjie Cheng, Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan

We study how media firms can use LLMs to generate news content that aligns with multiple objectives—making content more engaging while maintaining a preferred level of polarization/slant consistent with the firm’s editorial policy. Using news articles from The New York... View Details

Keywords: Large Language Models; Content Creation; Media; Polarization; Generative Ai; Direct Preference Optimization; AI and Machine Learning; News; Perspective; Digital Marketing; Policy; Media and Broadcasting Industry

SSRN

April 2020 (Revised June 2025)
Teaching Note

HubSpot and Motion AI: Chatbot-Enabled CRM and HubSpot and Motion AI (B): Generative AI Opportunities

By: Jill Avery and Thomas Steenburgh

Teaching Note for HBS No. 518-067 and HBS No. 524-088. There are two cases in this series. The first entitled “HubSpot and Motion AI: Chatbot-Enabled CRM,” drives the main discussion. The second entitled “HubSpot and Motion AI (B): Generative AI Opportunities... View Details

Keywords: Marketing; Sales; Marketing Strategy; Technology Industry; United States; North America

1980
Working Paper

Components of Manufacturing Inventories: A Structural Model of the Production Process

By: Alan J. Auerbach and Jerry R. Green

This paper presents a structural model of production and inventory accumulation based on the hypothesis of cost minimization. It differs from previous attempts in several respects. First, it integrates the analysis of input inventories with output inventories, treating... View Details

2023
Working Paper

Nailing Prediction: Experimental Evidence on the Value of Tools in Predictive Model Development

By: Daniel Yue, Paul Hamilton and Iavor Bojinov

Predictive model development is understudied despite its centrality in modern artificial intelligence and machine learning business applications. Although prior discussions highlight advances in methods (along the dimensions of data, computing power, and algorithms)... View Details

Keywords: Analytics and Data Science

SSRN

Predictive model development is understudied despite its importance to modern businesses. Although prior discussions highlight advances in methods (along the dimensions of data, computing power, and algorithms) as the primary driver of model quality, the value of... View Details

December 2024
Case

Enerjisa Üretim: The Digital Era of Electricity Generation

By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Sadika El Hariri

Launched in 2017, Enerjisa Üretim was one of Türkiye’s largest private sector electricity companies. In its early days, the company faced some financial and operational troubles. When İhsan Erbil Bayçöl, the current CEO of Enerjisa Üretim, joined the business in 2018,... View Details

Keywords: Private Sector; Performance Improvement; Renewable Energy; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Units; Partners and Partnerships; Leadership; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Turkey

Educators

2016
Working Paper

Capital Requirements, Risk Choice, and Liquidity Provision in a Business Cycle Model

By: Juliane Begenau

This paper develops a quantitative dynamic general equilibrium model in which households' preferences for safe and liquid assets constitute a violation of Modigliani and Miller. I show that the scarcity of these coveted assets created by increased bank capital... View Details

Keywords: Capital Requirement; Bank Regulation; Demand For Safe Assets; Business Cycles; Bank Lending; Risk Management; Financial Liquidity; Financing and Loans; Capital; Banks and Banking

SSRN

22 Feb 2019
News

Empowering a New Generation of Business Leaders

Enterprise magazine. “Then we had a very lively discussion about the current state of the media industry in general and its future, as more non-TV delivery methods—like streaming to your phone—take over. Professor McGee and Cèsar Conde... View Details

Keywords: Margie Kelley; Arts, Entertainment

08 Jul 2002
Research & Ideas

How to Fashion Your New E-Business Model

flexibility were limited. The new e-business models emerging on the Internet can be classified within one or more of the generic market roles. In addition, the models can be... View Details

Keywords: by Lynda M. Applegate

15 Jan 2018
Research & Ideas

A Better Business Model for Fighting Cancer

fully enroll in clinical trials, Hamermesh says. “We’re not just looking for anyone with pancreatic cancer—it’s patients with these three particular mutations.” That underlines the importance of making patients aware of the benefits of knowing their cancer subtype, he... View Details

Keywords: by Julia Hanna; Health; Pharmaceutical

27 Jul 2019
Op-Ed

Does Facebook's Business Model Threaten Our Elections?

technology-driven efforts to sway their votes, and from as far away as Russia, according to US government claims. Social media in general and Facebook specifically were the primary weapons of choice. It worked so well that spending by US... View Details

Keywords: by George Riedel

13 Nov 2018
News

Building a New Real Estate Investment Model

“You want to see positive economic changes in a community, but you don’t want people who have been committed to and living in the community for generations to be displaced,” Davis says. “We can prevent that by creating rental... View Details

Keywords: April White; Real Estate

December 1992 (Revised September 1995)
Exercise

Negotiation Exercise on Tradeable Pollution Allowances: General Background Information

By: Willis M. Emmons III

Designed to teach students about the trade-offs faced by firms exploring alternative approaches to complying with pollution control regulations. The setting is the U.S. electric utility industry in 1993. In accordance with the provisions of the 1990 Clean Air Act,... View Details

Keywords: Negotiation; Pollutants; Laws and Statutes; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governance Compliance; Utilities Industry; United States

Find at Harvard

May–June 2021
Article

Capturing Value in Platform Business Models that Rely on User-Generated Content

By: Hemang Subramanian, Sabyasachi Mitra and Sam Ransbotham

Business models increasingly depend on inputs from outside traditional organizational boundaries. For example, platforms that generate revenue from advertising, subscription, or referral fees often rely on user-generated content (UGC). But there is considerable... View Details

Keywords: Business Model; Network Effects; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Risk and Uncertainty

Find at Harvard

2011
Working Paper

The Impact of Horizontal Mergers and Acquisitions in Price Competition Models

The question of what impact mergers and acquisitions have on key equilibrium performance measures is fundamental to our understanding of competitive dynamics in an oligopolistic industry. We address these questions in the context of price competition models with... View Details

Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Cost; Price; Profit; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Performance Efficiency; Mathematical Methods; Competition

23 Feb 2015
News

Preserving a Musical Tradition; Inspiring Future Generations

soundtrack of Dominican life. The young musicians are all a part of the nonprofit iASO Bachata Academy, established by Ben de Menil (MBA 2006) in 2013 to preserve the country’s musical tradition and educate a new generation of Dominican... View Details

Keywords: April White; Arts, Sports, Language, Driving, and Other Schools; Educational Services

2024
Working Paper

Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI

By: Pierre Azoulay, Joshua L. Krieger and Abhishek Nagaraj

Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping generative AI advances. Central to our analysis are the concepts of appropriability—whether firms in the industry are able to control the knowledge generated... View Details

Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Policy