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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory of how technology shapes... View Details
Keywords: IBM; Personal Computer; Digital Platforms; System; Strategy
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  • Research Summary

Distributed Innovation in Open Systems—The Role of Modularity

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Distributed innovation in open systems is an important trend in the modern global economy. As education levels rise and communication costs fall, more people have the means and motivation to innovate. Supply chains now stretch around the world as firms outsource... View Details
  • 2008
  • Working Paper

The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
The central role of "platform" products and services in mediating the activities of disaggregated "clusters" or "ecosystems" of firms has been widely recognized. But platforms and the systems in which they are embedded are very diverse. In particular, platforms may... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms
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  • 2008
  • Working Paper

Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

By: Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Information Technology Industry
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  • 29 Sep 2011
  • Sharpening Your Skills

Sharpening Your Skills: Leveraging Intellectual Property

the inherent intellectual property issues can be sticky. This paper discusses how firms can address these issues by adopting a system of modularity, wherein innovation in one part of a project will not require changes in all the other... View Details
Keywords: Re: Multiple Faculty
  • 06 Jun 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Research and Ideas: June 6, 2017

implications from suboptimal peer-selection. Download working paper: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=51919 Designing an Agile Software Portfolio Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Performance By: MacCormack, Alan, Robert Lagerström, Martin Mocker,... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2007
  • Working Paper

The Impact of Component Modularity on Design Evolution: Evidence from the Software Industry

By: Alan MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin

Much academic work asserts a relationship between the design of a complex system and the manner in which this system evolves over time. In particular, designs which are modular in nature are argued to be more "evolvable," in that these designs facilitate making... View Details

Keywords: Product Design; Adaptation; Software; Information Technology Industry
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  • 03 Feb 2015
  • First Look

First Look: February 3

MacCormack, Alan, Robert Lagerstrom, and Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract—We propose a network-based methodology for operationalizing enterprise architecture. Our methodology is... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to relate the theory of task networks and technology set forth in previous chapters to theories of firm boundaries from economics and management. Complementary goods have more value when used together than separately. Complementarity may... View Details
Keywords: Complementarity
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  • 24 Sep 2013
  • First Look

First Look: September 24

By: Gil, Nuno, and Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract—We argue that a design commons can be an advantageous organizational form under two salient conditions: 1) high... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • June 2001 (Revised September 2011)
  • Case

PepsiCo's Bid for Quaker Oats (A)

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Leonid P Sudakov
Throughout 1999, PepsiCo closely tracked several potential strategic acquisitions. In the fall of 2000, it appeared that the right moment for an equity-financed acquisition had arrived. At this time, PepsiCo management decided to initiate confidential discussions with... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Stock Shares; Negotiation; Strategy; Valuation; Food and Beverage Industry
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  • 30 Aug 2016
  • First Look

August 30, 2016

https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=51569 Building the Agile Enterprise: IT Architecture, Modularity and the Cost of IT Change By: MacCormack, Alan, Robert Lagerstrom, David Dreyfus, and Carliss View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • 22 Jun 2010
  • First Look

First Look: June 22

they evolved in response to macroeconomic shocks that affected the Brazilian economy during this period. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/10-109.pdf The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions (revised) Authors:Lyra Colfer and View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 2014
  • Working Paper

Sharing Design Rights: A Commons Approach for Developing Infrastructure

By: Nuno Gil and Carliss Y. Baldwin
This study empirically investigates the relationship between design structure and organization structure in the context of new infrastructure development projects. Our research setting is a capital program to develop new school buildings in the city of Manchester, UK.... View Details
Keywords: Design; Buildings and Facilities; Education
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  • 04 Feb 2014
  • First Look

First Look: February 4

results contribute to the literature on how alternative organizational forms can be designed to solve complex innovation tasks. Download working paper: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2384068 Sharing Design Rights: A Commons Approach for Developing Infrastructure By: Gil,... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthlorne
  • 14 Dec 2010
  • First Look

First Look: Dec. 14

Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract The existing theory of modularity explains how modular designs create value. We extend this theory to address value appropriation. A product or... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 29 Jan 2013
  • First Look

First Look: Jan. 29

Modularity in Software Ecosystems: How SugarCRM's IP and Business Model Shape Its Product Architecture Authors:Watl, Josef, Joachim Henkel, and Carliss View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 27 Mar 2007
  • First Look

First Look: March 27, 2007

  Working PapersFrom Manufacturing to Design: An Essay on the Work of Kim B. Clark Authors:Sylvain Lenfle and Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract Kim Clark occupies a unique place in... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 04 Dec 2012
  • First Look

First Look: December 4

Download the paper: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2178640 The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation Authors:Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel... View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • 2012
  • Chapter

IP Modularity in Software Ecosystems: How SugarCRM's IP and Business Model Shape Its Product Architecture

By: Josef Waltl, Joachim Henkel and Carliss Y. Baldwin
Keywords: Business Model; Digital Platforms; Open Source Distribution; Complexity; Applications and Software; Intellectual Property
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