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- All HBS Web
(1,975)
- People (2)
- News (200)
- Research (1,351)
- Events (14)
- Multimedia (14)
- Faculty Publications (899)
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- April 1966
- Article
A Two-Stage Forecasting Model: Exponential Smoothing and Multiple Regression
By: D. B. Crane and James R. Crotty
Keywords: Mathematical Methods
Crane, D. B., and James R. Crotty. "A Two-Stage Forecasting Model: Exponential Smoothing and Multiple Regression." Management Science 13, no. 8 (April 1966).
- November 1977 (Revised February 1979)
- Background Note
Growth Analysis
By: David F. Hawkins
Keywords: Mathematical Methods
Hawkins, David F. "Growth Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 178-113, November 1977. (Revised February 1979.)
- July 2010
- Supplement
Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Customer Lifetime Value Analysis (CW)
By: Thomas J. Steenburgh and Jill Avery
Customers are increasingly being viewed as assets that bring value to the firm. Customer lifetime value is a metric which allows managers to understand the overall value of their customer base and relate it to three customer strategies firms employ: asset acquisition -... View Details
- 2023
- Article
Which Models Have Perceptually-Aligned Gradients? An Explanation via Off-Manifold Robustness
By: Suraj Srinivas, Sebastian Bordt and Himabindu Lakkaraju
One of the remarkable properties of robust computer vision models is that their input-gradients are often aligned with human perception, referred to in the literature as perceptually-aligned gradients (PAGs). Despite only being trained for classification, PAGs cause... View Details
Srinivas, Suraj, Sebastian Bordt, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Which Models Have Perceptually-Aligned Gradients? An Explanation via Off-Manifold Robustness." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
- March 2022 (Revised July 2022)
- Technical Note
Statistical Inference
This note provides an overview of statistical inference for an introductory data science course. First, the note discusses samples and populations. Next the note describes how to calculate confidence intervals for means and proportions. Then it walks through the logic... View Details
Keywords: Data Science; Statistics; Mathematical Modeling; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Statistical Inference." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-099, March 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
- March 2020
- Article
Diagnosing Missing Always at Random in Multivariate Data
By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Natesh S. Pillai and Donald B. Rubin
Models for analyzing multivariate data sets with missing values require strong, often assessable, assumptions. The most common of these is that the mechanism that created the missing data is ignorable—a twofold assumption dependent on the mode of inference. The first... View Details
Keywords: Missing Data; Diagnostic Tools; Sensitivity Analysis; Hypothesis Testing; Missing At Random; Row Exchangeability; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
Bojinov, Iavor I., Natesh S. Pillai, and Donald B. Rubin. "Diagnosing Missing Always at Random in Multivariate Data." Biometrika 107, no. 1 (March 2020): 246–253.
- June 2000
- Article
On the Regulatory Application of Efficiency Measures
The last decade has witnessed a change to more powerful incentive schemes and the adoption by a large number of regulators of some form of price cap regimes. The efficiency frontiers literature tackles the problem of measuring the X factor in a price cap regime... View Details
Ruzzier, Christian Alejandro. "On the Regulatory Application of Efficiency Measures." Utilities Policy 9, no. 2 (June 2000): 81–92. (with M. Rossi.)
- August 2001 (Revised July 2008)
- Technical Note
A Technical Note and Discussion on Real Estate Valuation (IBET): Back of the Envelope (BOE) on Bonhomme Place: A Case within a Case
By: Arthur I Segel
Discusses real estate valuation. Reviews "back of the envelope" valuation; real estate appraisal methods, including the income method; market comparables and replacement costs; and more complex computer modeling. Also discusses other variables that could influence... View Details
Segel, Arthur I. "A Technical Note and Discussion on Real Estate Valuation (IBET): Back of the Envelope (BOE) on Bonhomme Place: A Case within a Case." Harvard Business School Technical Note 802-025, August 2001. (Revised July 2008.)
- Article
Games of Threats
By: Elon Kohlberg and Abraham Neyman
A game of threats on a finite set of players, N, is a function d that assigns a real number to any coalition, S ⊆ N, such that d(S) = -d(N\S). A game of threats is not necessarily a coalitional game as it may fail to satisfy the condition d(Ø) = 0. We show that analogs... View Details
Kohlberg, Elon, and Abraham Neyman. "Games of Threats." Games and Economic Behavior 108 (March 2018): 139–145.
- January 2000
- Supplement
Basic Statistics from the World Bank's World Development Report 1998/1999
By: Julio J. Rotemberg
Supplements National Income Accounting and The Origins of National Income Accounting. View Details
- 22 Oct 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
Estimating Causal Effects in the Presence of Partial Interference Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models
Keywords: by Fiammetta Menchetti and Iavor Bojinov
- Article
Preventing Fairness Gerrymandering: Auditing and Learning for Subgroup Fairness
By: Michael J Kearns, Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth and Zhiwei Steven Wu
The most prevalent notions of fairness in machine learning are statistical definitions: they fix a small collection of pre-defined groups, and then ask for parity of some statistic of the classifier (like classification rate or false positive rate) across these groups.... View Details
Kearns, Michael J., Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth, and Zhiwei Steven Wu. "Preventing Fairness Gerrymandering: Auditing and Learning for Subgroup Fairness." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 35th (2018).
- 2020
- Working Paper
Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments
By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted... View Details
Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
- October 1992
- Case
Charles River Jazz Festival
Charles River Jazz Festival must decide whether to press a compact disk (CD) of Friday's jazz performance for sale on Saturday and Sunday. The idea to press CDs is novel, so there is considerable uncertainty about how receptive customers will be. The festival must... View Details
Wu, George. "Charles River Jazz Festival." Harvard Business School Case 893-004, October 1992.
- January 1982
- Background Note
Sharing Costs: Internal Telephone Billing Rates
By: Elon Kohlberg
Kohlberg, Elon. "Sharing Costs: Internal Telephone Billing Rates." Harvard Business School Background Note 182-109, January 1982.
- 2002
- Chapter
Future Possibilities in Finance Theory and Finance Practice
By: Robert C. Merton
Merton, Robert C. "Future Possibilities in Finance Theory and Finance Practice." In Mathematical Finance - Bachelier Congress 2000, edited by H. Geman, D. Madan, S. Pliska, and T. Vorst. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002. (Was HBS Working Paper 01-030.)
- September 1976 (Revised June 1977)
- Background Note
Assessing Certainty Equivalents by Assessing Preference for Consequences
By: Paul A. Vatter
Vatter, Paul A. "Assessing Certainty Equivalents by Assessing Preference for Consequences." Harvard Business School Background Note 177-038, September 1976. (Revised June 1977.)
- 1970
- Dissertation
Analytical Optimal Control Theory as Applied to Stochastic and Non-Stochastic Economics
By: Robert C. Merton
Merton, Robert C. "Analytical Optimal Control Theory as Applied to Stochastic and Non-Stochastic Economics." Diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1970.
- January 2018
- Background Note
Math Tools for Strategists
By: Tarun Khanna and Jan W. Rivkin
Great strategists rely heavily on numbers as they go about their work. This note offers an overview of the highbrow and lowbrow quantitative tools that individuals commonly encounter during strategy courses and in actual strategy work. The note focuses especially on... View Details
Khanna, Tarun, and Jan W. Rivkin. "Math Tools for Strategists." Harvard Business School Background Note 718-477, January 2018.
- December 1998
- Background Note
Note on Low-Tech Marketing Math
By: Robert J. Dolan
Describes basic calculations useful in marketing analysis, break-even analysis, and price-volume relationships. View Details
Dolan, Robert J. "Note on Low-Tech Marketing Math." Harvard Business School Background Note 599-011, December 1998.