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- Faculty Publications (309)
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- April 2013 (Revised August 2015)
- Background Note
Comparative Advantage
The theory of comparative advantage is a factor in international trade. In this note, we introduce the basic economics of comparative advantage and study its key implications. View Details
Keywords: Comparative Advantage; Economics; International Trade; Trade; Cooperation; Business and Government Relations
Weinzierl, Matthew. "Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 713-080, April 2013. (Revised August 2015.)
- October 2002 (Revised May 2004)
- Case
Starbucks and Conservation International
By: James E. Austin and Cate Reavis
Starbucks, the world's leading specialty coffee company, developed a strategic alliance with Conservation International, a major international environmental nonprofit organization. The purpose of the alliance was to promote coffee-growing practices of small farms that... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Growth and Development Strategy; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Production; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Alliances; Nonprofit Organizations; Food and Beverage Industry; Mexico
Austin, James E., and Cate Reavis. "Starbucks and Conservation International." Harvard Business School Case 303-055, October 2002. (Revised May 2004.)
- September 2015 (Revised July 2017)
- Case
The TTIP: Bridging the Transatlantic Economy
By: Dante Roscini and Christina Marin
In 2016, the United States and the European Union struggled to reach an agreement over the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Started in June 2013, TTIP negotiations had gone on much longer than anyone had expected. With elections coming on both... View Details
Keywords: International Trade; European Union; United States; Agreements and Arrangements; Trade; United States; European Union
Roscini, Dante, and Christina Marin. "The TTIP: Bridging the Transatlantic Economy." Harvard Business School Case 716-026, September 2015. (Revised July 2017.)
- 11 Dec 2018
- Research & Ideas
Free Trade Needs Nurturing—and Other Lessons from History
explosion of trade and capital flows created a world that looked in many ways like ours. Yet even in the early 20th century, there remained tensions of increasing inequality and wage competition in a context of ruthless View Details
Keywords: by Staff; Auto; Aerospace; Chemical; Consumer Products; Electronics; Energy; Industrial Products; Manufacturing; Shipping; Transportation
- December 2013 (Revised March 2014)
- Case
Beidahuang
By: Ray A. Goldberg and David Lane
Beidahuang is a major new Chinese player in global grain trading that in 2013 is seeking access to grain both to help assure China's food security and in pursuit of its own commercial goals. Focusing on potential trade in Brazilian soybeans, the case asks students to... View Details
Keywords: China; Brazil; International Trade; Grain; Soybeans; Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Globalized Markets and Industries; Cooperation; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; China; Brazil
Goldberg, Ray A., and David Lane. "Beidahuang." Harvard Business School Case 914-412, December 2013. (Revised March 2014.)
- October 1996 (Revised December 2022)
- Case
Chiquita Brands International (A)
By: Debora L. Spar and Terence Mulligan
When a new banana import policy is implemented in 1993 by the European Union, Chiquita Brands International, the world's largest banana distributor, watches its sales and net income plummet. The policy, Council Regulation (EEC 404/93), uses a new tariff and quota... View Details
Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Trade; Government and Politics; Policy; Market Design; Fairness; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Latin America; European Union
Spar, Debora L., and Terence Mulligan. "Chiquita Brands International (A)." Harvard Business School Case 797-015, October 1996. (Revised December 2022.)
- 2015
- Article
International Trade, Multinational Activity, and Corporate Finance
By: C. Fritz Foley and Kalina Manova
An emerging new literature brings unique ideas from corporate finance to the study of international trade and investment. Insights about differences in the development of financial institutions across countries, the role of financial constraints, and the use of... View Details
Foley, C. Fritz, and Kalina Manova. "International Trade, Multinational Activity, and Corporate Finance." Annual Review of Economics 7 (2015): 119–146.
- 11 Mar 2001
- Research & Ideas
Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
In this excerpt taken from the chapter entitled "From Trade to Investment," HBS visiting professor Geoffrey Jones traces the transition of the British trading companies from purely View Details
Keywords: by Geoffrey Jones
- February 2018
- Article
Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns
By: William R. Kerr
This study tests the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The empirical analysis has three comparative advantages: including emerging and advanced economies, isolating panel variation regarding the link between productivity and... View Details
Keywords: Exports; Comparative Advantage; Technological Transfer; Innovation; Networks; Patents; Residency; Technology Adoption; Trade; Research and Development; Immigration; United States
Kerr, William R. "Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns." World Bank Economic Review 32, no. 1 (February 2018): 163–182.
- 2013
- Working Paper
Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns
By: William R. Kerr
This study tests the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The empirical analysis has three comparative advantages: including emerging and advanced economies, isolating panel variation regarding the link between productivity and... View Details
Keywords: Exports; Comparative Advantage; Technological Transfer; Innovation; Networks; Patents; Residency; Technology Adoption; Trade; Research and Development; Immigration; United States
Kerr, William R. "Heterogeneous Technology Diffusion and Ricardian Trade Patterns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-039, November 2013. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19657, November 2013.)
- 2014
- Case
Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (B)
By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green
This case details the efforts of Singapore Ambassador-At-Large Tommy Koh to forge a free trade agreement between Singapore and the United States following both nations' support for the initiation of negotiations on a USSFTA. Examining the various barriers and fronts of... View Details
Sebenius, James K., and Laurence A. Green. "Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (B)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2014.
- February 2010 (Revised April 2011)
- Case
The Political Economy of Carbon Trading
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, J. Gunnar Trumbull, Mikell Hyman, Patia McGrath and Nazli Zeynep Uludere
Global climate change is an increasingly prominent political and business problem. Design of market-based systems to reduce carbon emissions has proven difficult. More broadly, national attempts to comply with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol present both... View Details
Keywords: Policy; International Relations; Risk Management; Agreements and Arrangements; Business and Government Relations; Natural Environment; Pollutants; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Public Administration Industry
Reinhardt, Forest L., J. Gunnar Trumbull, Mikell Hyman, Patia McGrath, and Nazli Zeynep Uludere. "The Political Economy of Carbon Trading." Harvard Business School Case 710-056, February 2010. (Revised April 2011.)
- 02 Dec 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
International Trade, Multinational Activity, and Corporate Finance
Keywords: by C. Fritz Foley & Kalina Manova
- September 1989
- Article
Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Market Share Matters
By: K. A. Froot and P. Klemperer
Froot, K. A., and P. Klemperer. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Market Share Matters." American Economic Review 79, no. 4 (September 1989): 637–654. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 2542, October 1989.)
- March 2003 (Revised September 2004)
- Case
Worker Rights and Global Trade: The U.S.-Cambodia Bilateral Textile Trade Agreement
Examines the political and economic dimensions of the campaign to improve workers' rights around the world through the inclusion of labor standards in international trade agreements. The U.S.-Cambodia Textile Trade Agreement was the first agreement of its kind to link... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Agreements and Arrangements; Rights; Working Conditions; Globalization; Consumer Products Industry; Cambodia; United States
Abrami, Regina M. "Worker Rights and Global Trade: The U.S.-Cambodia Bilateral Textile Trade Agreement." Harvard Business School Case 703-034, March 2003. (Revised September 2004.)
- May 1990
- Article
Chartists, Fundamentalists, and Trading in the Foreign Exchange Market
By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Asset Pricing
Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Chartists, Fundamentalists, and Trading in the Foreign Exchange Market." American Economic Review 80, no. 2 (May 1990): 181–185. (Reprinted in New Developments in Exchange Rate Economics, edited by L. Sarno and M. Taylor. Edward Elgar, 2001; and in Speculation and Financial Markets, edited by M. Taylor and L. Gallagher. Edward Elgar, 2001.)
- July 1986
- Case
Nicaragua and the U.S. Trade Embargo
By: James E. Austin
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Trade; Policy; International Relations; Nicaragua; United States
Austin, James E. "Nicaragua and the U.S. Trade Embargo." Harvard Business School Case 387-027, July 1986.
- 2014
- Case
Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (A)
By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green
The efforts of Singapore Ambassador-At-Large Tommy Koh to negotiate the United States-Singapore Free Trade agreement are explored with an in-depth focus on Koh's management of various fronts of a multiparty negotiation over a sustained period. After briefly describing... View Details
Sebenius, James K., and Laurence A. Green. "Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (A)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2014.
- 2019
- Working Paper
Labor Market Shocks and the Demand for Trade Protection: Evidence from Online Surveys
By: Rafael Di Tella and Dani Rodrik
We study preferences for government action in response to layoffs resulting from different types of labor-market shocks. We consider the following shocks: technological change, a demand shift, bad management, and three kinds of international outsourcing. Respondents... View Details
Di Tella, Rafael, and Dani Rodrik. "Labor Market Shocks and the Demand for Trade Protection: Evidence from Online Surveys." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25705, March 2019.
- 2009
- Chapter
Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy
By: Rawi Abdelal
This Handbook gives an overview of the range and scope of International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship by mapping the different regional schools of IPE and noting the distinctive way IPE is practiced and conceptualized around the world. The Handbook examines, in a... View Details
Keywords: Development Economics; Trade; Higher Education; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government and Politics
Abdelal, Rawi. "Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy." In Handbook of International Political Economy, edited by Mark Blyth, 57–71. London: Routledge, 2009.