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    • All HBS Web  (1,838)
      • Faculty Publications  (172)

      Field StudiesRemove Field Studies →

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      • May, 2019
      • Article

      Who Would You Like to Work With?: Use of Individual Characteristics and Social Networks in Team Formation Systems

      By: Diego Gomez-Zara, Matthew Paras, Marlon Twyman, Jacqueline N. Lane, Leslie A. DeChurch and Noshir Contractor
      People and organizations are increasingly using online platforms to assemble teams. In response, HCI researchers have theorized frameworks and created systems to support team assembly. However, little is known about how users search for and choose teammates on these... View Details
      Keywords: Team Formation; Groups and Teams; Recruitment; Networks; Diversity
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      Gomez-Zara, Diego, Matthew Paras, Marlon Twyman, Jacqueline N. Lane, Leslie A. DeChurch, and Noshir Contractor. "Who Would You Like to Work With? Use of Individual Characteristics and Social Networks in Team Formation Systems." Art. 659. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings (May, 2019).
      • Article

      Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data

      By: Sakis Kotsantonis and George Serafeim
      As the ESG finance field and the use of ESG data in investment decision-making continue to grow, the authors seek to shed light on several important aspects of ESG measurement and data. This article is intended to provide a useful guide for the rapidly rising number of... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Reporting; Data Analytics; Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; CSR; Transparency; Investment Management; Socially Responsible Investing; Sustainable Finance; Sustainable Development; Inclusion; Inclusive Growth; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Accountability; Investment; Management; Climate Change; Corporate Governance; Diversity; Integrated Corporate Reporting
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      Kotsantonis, Sakis, and George Serafeim. "Four Things No One Will Tell You About ESG Data." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 31, no. 2 (Spring 2019): 50–58.
      • April 2019
      • Article

      Incentives for Public Goods Inside Organizations: Field Experimental Evidence

      By: Andrea Blasco, Olivia S. Jung, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael Menietti
      Understanding why employees go the extra mile at work is a key problem for many organizations. We conduct a field experiment at a medical organization to study motivations for employees to submit project proposals for organizational improvement. In total, we analyze... View Details
      Keywords: Field Experiment; Innovation; Contest; Incentives; Free-rider Problem; Healthcare Organizations; Employees; Motivation and Incentives; Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Performance Improvement; Perspective
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      Blasco, Andrea, Olivia S. Jung, Karim R. Lakhani, and Michael Menietti. "Incentives for Public Goods Inside Organizations: Field Experimental Evidence." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 160 (April 2019): 214–229.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      When Does Gamified Training Improve Performance? The Roles of Office and Leader Engagement

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Wei Cai and Tatiana Sandino
      Gamified training is a novel management control system in which companies use gamification techniques to engage and motivate employees to learn. This study empirically examines the performance consequences of gamified training using data from a natural field... View Details
      Keywords: Gamified Training; Management Control Systems; Employee Engagement; Employees; Learning; Training; Motivation and Incentives; Performance
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      Buell, Ryan W., Wei Cai, and Tatiana Sandino. "When Does Gamified Training Improve Performance? The Roles of Office and Leader Engagement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-101, March 2019. (Revised October 2023.)
      • Article

      Assessing the Impact of CEO Activism

      By: Aaron K Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
      CEO activism refers to corporate leaders speaking out on social and environmental policy issues not directly related to their company’s core business. Distinct from nonmarket strategy and traditional corporate social responsibility, the recent wave of CEO activism... View Details
      Keywords: Business And Society; Leadership; Policy; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Governance; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Public Opinion
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "Assessing the Impact of CEO Activism." Organization & Environment 32, no. 2 (June 2019): 159–185. (Profiled in the New York Times, Harvard Business Review, Forbes, Chief Executive magazine, CEO magazine, and by Edelman and Weber Shandwick.)
      • Article

      Why Am I Seeing This Ad? The Effect of Ad Transparency on Ad Effectiveness

      By: Tami Kim, Kate Barasz and Leslie K. John
      Given the increasingly specific ways marketers can target ads, many consumers and regulators are demanding ad transparency: disclosure of how consumers’ personal information was used to generate ads. We investigate how and why ad transparency impacts ad effectiveness.... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Customization and Personalization; Information; Trust; Performance Effectiveness
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      Kim, Tami, Kate Barasz, and Leslie K. John. "Why Am I Seeing This Ad? The Effect of Ad Transparency on Ad Effectiveness." Journal of Consumer Research 45, no. 5 (February 2019): 906–932.
      • Article

      Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition

      By: Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh and Modupe Akinola
      Across a field study and four experiments, we examine how social norms and scrutiny affect decisions about adding members of underrepresented populations (e.g., women, racial minorities) to groups. When groups are scrutinized, we theorize that decision makers strive to... View Details
      Keywords: Social Norms; Impression Management; Groups and Teams; Governing and Advisory Boards; Diversity; Gender; Decision Making
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      Chang, Edward H., Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh, and Modupe Akinola. "Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition." Academy of Management Journal 62, no. 1 (February 2019): 144–171.
      • January 2019
      • Article

      The ABCs of Financial Education: Experimental Evidence on Attitudes, Behavior, and Cognitive Biases

      By: Fenella Carpena, Shawn A. Cole, Jeremy Shapiro and Bilal Zia
      This paper uses a large-scale field experiment in India to study attitudinal, behavioral, and cognitive constraints that can stymie the link between financial education and financial outcomes. The study complements financial education with (1) financial incentives on a... View Details
      Keywords: Finance; Education; Attitudes; Behavior; Outcome or Result
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      Carpena, Fenella, Shawn A. Cole, Jeremy Shapiro, and Bilal Zia. "The ABCs of Financial Education: Experimental Evidence on Attitudes, Behavior, and Cognitive Biases." Management Science 65, no. 1 (January 2019): 346–369.
      • October 2018
      • Article

      The Operational Value of Social Media Information

      By: Ruomeng Cui, Santiago Gallino, Antonio Moreno and Dennis J. Zhang
      While the value of using social media information has been established in multiple business contexts, the field of operations and supply chain management have not yet explored the possibilities it offers in improving firms' operational decisions. This study attempts to... View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Information; Sales; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media
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      Cui, Ruomeng, Santiago Gallino, Antonio Moreno, and Dennis J. Zhang. "The Operational Value of Social Media Information." Special Issue on Big Data in Supply Chain Management. Production and Operations Management 27, no. 10 (October 2018): 1749–1774.
      • Fall 2018
      • Article

      The Value of Fit Information in Online Retail: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

      By: Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      Online channels generate frictions when selling products with nondigital attributes, such as apparel. Customers may be reluctant to purchase products they have not been able to try on, and those customers who do purchase may return products when they do not fit as... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain Information; Fit Uncertainty; Online Retail; Randomized Field Experiment; Virtual Fitting Room; Digital Retail; Customization and Personalization; Internet and the Web; Value; Performance Improvement; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Retail Industry
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      Gallino, Santiago, and Antonio Moreno. "The Value of Fit Information in Online Retail: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 20, no. 4 (Fall 2018): 767–787.
      • September 2018
      • Article

      An Exploratory Study of Product Development in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Medical Device Testing in India

      By: Budhaditya Gupta and Stefan Thomke
      Recent research has studied innovation in emerging economies. However, microlevel product development processes in these economies are relatively unexplored, and the mechanisms by which the emerging economy context might affect such processes are still unclear. In this... View Details
      Keywords: India; Product Development; Emerging Markets; Situation or Environment; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; India
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      Gupta, Budhaditya, and Stefan Thomke. "An Exploratory Study of Product Development in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Medical Device Testing in India." R&D Management 48, no. 4 (September 2018): 485–501.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Incentive Power and Knowledge Sharing Among Employees: Evidence from the Field

      By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
      There is consensus, both in the literature and in practice, about knowledge sharing within organizations being a key determinant of success. However, organizations struggle to sustain employees’ engagement in knowledge sharing. One challenge lies in the fact that,... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Knowledge Sharing; Employee Driven Innovation; Innovation Appropriability; Contract Design; High-powered Incentives; Low-powered Incentives; Incentives; Pay-for-Performance; Rank-and-file; Employees; Knowledge Sharing; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives; Creativity; Performance
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      Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Power and Knowledge Sharing Among Employees: Evidence from the Field." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-015, August 2018. (Revised April 2020.)
      • Article

      The Impact of the 'Open' Workspace on Human Collaboration

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Stephen Turban
      Organizations’ pursuit of increased workplace collaboration has led managers to transform traditional office spaces into “open,” transparency-enhancing architectures with fewer walls, doors, and other spatial boundaries, yet there is scant direct empirical research on... View Details
      Keywords: Open Office; Transparency; Collaboration; Collective Intelligence; Workspace; Workspace Design; Architecture; Cubicles; Boundaries; Spatial Boundaries; Human Behavior; Propinquity; Co-location; Interaction; Sociometers; People Analytics; Buildings and Facilities; Communication; Design; Human Resources; Leadership; Management; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Networks; Social and Collaborative Networks; Information Technology; United States
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Stephen Turban. "The Impact of the 'Open' Workspace on Human Collaboration." Art. 239. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 373, no. 1753 (August 19, 2018).
      • July 2018
      • Article

      Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and Tina Xu
      We review the extensive literature since 2000 on the personality traits of entrepreneurs. We first consider baseline personality traits like the Big-5 model, self-efficacy and innovativeness, locus of control, and the need for achievement. We then consider risk... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurs; Venturing; Personality Traits; Characteristics; Big-5; Risk Attitudes; Goals; Skills; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics; Goals and Objectives; Competency and Skills; Success; Demographics; Research
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and Tina Xu. "Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature." Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 279–356.
      • May 2018 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Managing the Future of Work

      By: William R. Kerr, Allison Ciechanover and Jeff Huizinga
      By 2019, leaders from the public and private sector had become increasingly anxious about how advanced technologies and aging global populations could affect labor markets, workplaces, and workers’ lives. Some analysts forecasted that hundreds of millions of workers... View Details
      Keywords: Labor Markets; Workplace; Employment; Technological Innovation; Demographics; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Change Management; Problems and Challenges; Opportunities
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      Kerr, William R., Allison Ciechanover, and Jeff Huizinga. "Managing the Future of Work." Harvard Business School Case 818-128, May 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
      Achieving transformative impact has been much discussed by social entrepreneurs, funders, and consultants. These discussions have focused on issues of increasing impact and scale, but often with no clear distinction between the two terms. In order to provide clarity,... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Performance Efficiency; Growth and Development; Outcome or Result; Strategy
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-062, January 2018.
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      Historical Political Economy

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      This book is a major contribution to the study of political economy. With chapters ranging from the origins of political economy to its most exciting research fields, this handbook provides a reassessment of political economy as it stands today, while boldly gesturing... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Government and Politics; History
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "Historical Political Economy." Chap. 5 in The Palgrave Handbook of Political Economy, edited by Ivano Cardinale and Roberto Scazzieri, 133–169. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
      • Article

      Humblebragging: A Distinct—and Ineffective—Self-Presentation Strategy

      By: Ovul Sezer, Francesca Gino and Michael I. Norton
      Self-presentation is a fundamental aspect of social life, with myriad critical outcomes dependent on others’ impressions. We identify and offer the first empirical investigation of a prevalent, yet understudied, self-presentation strategy: humblebragging. Across nine... View Details
      Keywords: Humblebragging; Impression Management; Self-presentation; Interpersonal Perception; Competence; Liking; Sincerity; Behavior; Perception; Interpersonal Communication; Personal Characteristics
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      Sezer, Ovul, Francesca Gino, and Michael I. Norton. "Humblebragging: A Distinct—and Ineffective—Self-Presentation Strategy." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 114, no. 1 (January 2018): 52–74.
      • December 2017
      • Article

      Discordant vs. Harmonious Selves: The Effects of Identity Conflict and Enhancement on Sales Performance in Employee-Customer Interactions

      By: Lakshmi Ramarajan, Nancy Rothbard and Steffanie Wilk
      Across multiple studies, we examine how identity conflict and enhancement within people affect performance in tasks that involve interactions between people through two mechanisms: role-immersion, operationalized as intrinsic motivation, and role-taking,... View Details
      Keywords: Identity; Interpersonal Communication; Sales; Performance
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      Ramarajan, Lakshmi, Nancy Rothbard, and Steffanie Wilk. "Discordant vs. Harmonious Selves: The Effects of Identity Conflict and Enhancement on Sales Performance in Employee-Customer Interactions." Academy of Management Journal 60, no. 6 (December 2017): 2208–2238.
      • November 7, 2017
      • Article

      Temporary Sharing Prompts Unrestrained Disclosures That Leave Lasting Negative Impressions

      By: Reto Hofstetter, Roland Rüppell and Leslie John
      With the advent of social media, the impressions people make on others are based increasingly on their digital disclosures. Yet digital disclosures can come back to haunt, making it challenging for people to manage the impressions they make. In field and online... View Details
      Keywords: Disclosure; Privacy; Self-presentation; Impression Formation; Behavior; Perspective; Internet and the Web; Social Media
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      Hofstetter, Reto, Roland Rüppell, and Leslie John. "Temporary Sharing Prompts Unrestrained Disclosures That Leave Lasting Negative Impressions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (November 7, 2017).
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