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All HBS Web
(1,497)
- People (1)
- News (173)
- Research (1,181)
- Events (7)
- Multimedia (2)
- Faculty Publications (532)
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- 2014
- Working Paper
The Unfairness Trap: A Key Missing Factor in the Economic Theory of Discrimination
By: Jordan I. Siegel, Naomi Kodama and Hanna Halaburda
Prior evidence linking increased female representation in management to corporate performance has been surprisingly mixed, due in part to data limitations and methodological difficulties, and possibly to omission of a fairness factor in the economic theory of...
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Siegel, Jordan I., Naomi Kodama, and Hanna Halaburda. "The Unfairness Trap: A Key Missing Factor in the Economic Theory of Discrimination." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-082, March 2013. (Revised January 2014, June 2014.)
- February 2021 (Revised July 2024)
- Case
White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches
By: Jill Avery
By the end of 2019, two brands accounted for 84% of hard seltzer sales, a segment that had recently taken the U.S. beer market by storm, growing from $3 million in 2015 to over $2.7 billion by the start of the summer of 2020. White Claw was the dominant market leader...
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Keywords:
Brand Management;
Alcoholic Beverages;
Beer/brewing Industry;
Brand Positioning;
Growth;
Competitive Positioning;
Consumer Products;
Beverage Industry;
Value Proposition;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Competition;
Product Positioning;
Competitive Strategy;
Consumer Behavior;
Consumer Products Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
United States
Avery, Jill. "White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches." Harvard Business School Case 521-073, February 2021. (Revised July 2024.)
- June 2024
- Article
Information Spillovers in Experience Goods Competition
By: Zhuoqiong Charlie Chen, Christopher Stanton and Catherine Thomas
When experience goods compete, consuming one product can be informative about value for similar untried products. We study a two-period model of duopoly competition in markets that have this feature and where firms can price discriminate between consumers based on...
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Chen, Zhuoqiong Charlie, Christopher Stanton, and Catherine Thomas. "Information Spillovers in Experience Goods Competition." Management Science 70, no. 6 (June 2024): 3923–3950.
- 17 Jan 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
Price Coherence and Adverse Intermediation
- September 1993 (Revised December 1993)
- Background Note
Note on Pricing and Public Policy
Surveys a number of essential issues related to pricing and public policy in market economies. Begins with a brief review of the price-determination process in competitive markets, then examines a range of topics involving pricing and public policy in monopoly and...
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Keywords:
Price;
Business Strategy;
Policy;
Valuation;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques;
Competition;
Economic Systems;
Monopoly;
Duopoly and Oligopoly;
Cost
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Note on Pricing and Public Policy." Harvard Business School Background Note 794-027, September 1993. (Revised December 1993.)
- August 2022 (Revised March 2023)
- Case
Pricing at Netflix: The Sequel
By: Elie Ofek and Amy Klopfenstein
This case continues the themes discussed in "Pricing at Netflix" (Case 521-004). Following the conclusion of the original case, Netflix developed new, high-profile original content, added millions of subscribers, and introduced another price increase in January 2022....
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Keywords:
Marketing;
Advertising;
Marketing Strategy;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Television Entertainment;
Finance;
Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Adaptation;
Internet and the Web;
Customers;
Customer Satisfaction;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Advertising Industry;
North and Central America;
United States
Ofek, Elie, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Pricing at Netflix: The Sequel." Harvard Business School Case 523-015, August 2022. (Revised March 2023.)
- 16 Apr 2009
- Working Paper Summaries
Gray Markets and Multinational Transfer Pricing
Keywords:
by Romana L. Autrey & Francesco Bova
- Research Summary
Platform Competition
Technology has challenged the underlying foundations of business, and firms must evaluate and change strategies accordingly. Professor Halaburda studies the interaction of technology and economic theory, and her findings indicate that conventional wisdom and rules... View Details
- June 2012 (Revised July 2013)
- Exercise
Competition Simulator Exercise: Instructions
In the Competition Simulator Exercise, students explore through trial and error some important economic foundations of competitive strategy and managerial economics. In particular, the nine simulator exercises let students explore horizontal differentiation with and...
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Van den Steen, Eric. "Competition Simulator Exercise: Instructions." Harvard Business School Exercise 712-498, June 2012. (Revised July 2013.)
- 15 Aug 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
Legislating Stock Prices
- February 2018
- Article
Auctions versus Posted Prices in Online Markets
By: Liran Einav, Chiara Farronato, Jonathan Levin and Neel Sundaresan
Auctions were very popular in the early days of internet commerce, but today online sellers mostly use posted prices. We model the choice between auctions and posted prices as a trade-off between competitive price discovery and convenience. Evidence from eBay fits the...
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Einav, Liran, Chiara Farronato, Jonathan Levin, and Neel Sundaresan. "Auctions versus Posted Prices in Online Markets." Journal of Political Economy 126, no. 1 (February 2018): 178–215.
- Research Summary
Overview
Professor MacKay combines theory and measurement to deliver new insights about price competition and consumer preferences. In current and published papers, his research addresses how strategic pricing decisions may be influenced by algorithms, long-term contracts,... View Details
- 2015
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Competitive Strategies Marketing Reading
By: Jill Avery and Sunil Gupta
Core Curriculum Readings in Marketing cover the fundamental concepts, theories, and frameworks that business students must study.
This Reading illuminates the dynamics of companies in competition and offers a process for planning and executing marketing... View Details
This Reading illuminates the dynamics of companies in competition and offers a process for planning and executing marketing... View Details
Keywords:
Competitive Strategy
Avery, Jill, and Sunil Gupta. "Competitive Strategies Marketing Reading." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing 8158, 2015.
- November 2019
- Case
Gillette: Cutting Prices to Regain Share
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
After losing market share to low-priced competitors such as Harry’s and Dollar Shave Club for several years, Gillette decided to fight back by launching new products and increasing advertising. When these efforts failed to stem the losses, Gillette decided to cut the...
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Keywords:
Marketing Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Price;
Public Equity;
Retail Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
United States
Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Gillette: Cutting Prices to Regain Share." Harvard Business School Case 720-378, November 2019.
- May 2021 (Revised May 2022)
- Case
Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition
By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne Wilson
By 2021, the mindfulness app wars reached their apex. Over 2,000 meditation apps were available to consumers, but two apps, Headspace and Calm, dominated the space, jointly holding about 70% of the total market. Headspace had established itself as the approachable...
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Keywords:
Marketing Communication;
Integrated Strategy;
Brand;
Brand & Product Management;
Brand Communication;
Brand Differentiation;
Brand Building;
Brand Management;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Ecommerce;
App;
App Development;
Applications;
COVID;
COVID-19;
Pandemic;
Pricing;
Pricing Strategy;
Subscription Model;
Subscription;
Partnerships;
Strategic Partnerships;
B2B Vs. B2C;
B2B;
Health & Wellness;
Wellbeing;
Digitization;
Commoditization;
Mobile App;
Mobile App Industry;
Mobile Healthcare;
Mobile Marketing;
Digital Brand;
Digital Health;
Consumer Health;
Apps;
Online Business;
Online Competition;
Online Community;
Online Entertainment;
Entertainment And Leisure;
Meditation;
Marketing;
Marketing Communications;
Brands and Branding;
Price;
Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Partners and Partnerships;
Health;
Well-being;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Communication;
Communication Strategy;
Disruption;
Consumer Behavior;
Digital Marketing;
E-commerce;
Applications and Software;
Health Industry;
Technology Industry;
Communications Industry;
United States;
North America;
United Kingdom
Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne Wilson. "Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition." Harvard Business School Case 521-102, May 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
- August 2015
- Article
Price Coherence and Excessive Intermediation
By: Benjamin Edelman and Julian Wright
Suppose an intermediary provides a benefit to buyers when they purchase from sellers using the intermediary's technology. We develop a model to show that the intermediary would want to restrict sellers from charging buyers more for transactions it intermediates. With...
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Edelman, Benjamin, and Julian Wright. "Price Coherence and Excessive Intermediation." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 3 (August 2015): 1283–1328. (First circulated as Price Coherence and Adverse Intermediation in December 2013.)
- September 2020
- Case
The Black New Venture Competition
Black entrepreneurs encounter many unique obstacles when raising capital to start and grow a business. During their second year at Harvard Business School (HBS), MBA students Kimberly Foster and Tyler Simpson decided to do something to make a difference for...
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Keywords:
Startup;
Start-up;
Startup Financing;
Startups;
Start-ups;
African-American Protagonist;
African-american Entrepreneurs;
African-american Investors;
African-Americans;
African-American Women;
Black Leadership;
Black Inventors;
Black Entrepreneurs;
Harvard Business School;
Harvard;
Business And Society;
Early Stage Funding;
Early Stage Finance;
Technology Entrepreneurship;
Discrimination;
Technology Ventures;
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Entrepreneurial Financing;
Business Plan;
Business Startups;
Business Ventures;
Financing and Loans;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Diversity;
Gender;
Race;
Entrepreneurship;
Venture Capital;
Small Business;
Leadership;
Information Technology;
Competition;
Technology Industry
Mills, Karen, Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin Sinozich, and Gabriella Elanbeck. "The Black New Venture Competition." Harvard Business School Case 821-029, September 2020.
- February 2024
- Article
Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence
By: Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang and Ali Yurukoglu
Existing theories of media competition imply that advertisers will pay a lower price in equilibrium to reach consumers who multi-home across competing outlets. We generalize, extend, and test this prediction. We find that television outlets whose viewers watch more...
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Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang, and Ali Yurukoglu. "Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence." American Economic Review 114, no. 2 (February 2024): 500–533.
- Article
Price and Quality Decisions by Self-Serving Managers
By: Marco Bertini, Daniel Halbheer and Oded Koenigsberg
We present a theory of price and quality decisions by managers who are self-serving. In the theory, firms stress the price or quality of their products, but not both. Accounting for this, managers exploit any uncertainty about the cause of market outcomes to credit...
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Keywords:
Causal Reasoning;
Self-serving Bias;
Strategic Orientation;
Managerial Decision-making;
Price;
Quality;
Decision Making;
Theory
Bertini, Marco, Daniel Halbheer, and Oded Koenigsberg. "Price and Quality Decisions by Self-Serving Managers." International Journal of Research in Marketing 37, no. 2 (June 2020): 236–257.
- 2007
- Working Paper
Competition in Modular Clusters
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
The last twenty years have witnessed the rise of disaggregated "clusters," "networks," or "ecosystems" of firms. In these clusters the activities of R&D, product design, production, distribution, and system integration may be split up among hundreds or even thousands...
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Keywords:
Price;
Profit;
Digital Platforms;
Industry Clusters;
Competition;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and C. Jason Woodard. "Competition in Modular Clusters." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-042, December 2007.