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  • 2012
  • Article

Hiring Cheerleaders: Board Appointments of 'Independent' Directors

By: Lauren Cohen, Andrea Frazzini and Christopher Malloy
We provide evidence that firms appoint independent directors who are overly sympathetic to management, while still technically independent according to regulatory definitions. We explore a subset of independent directors for whom we have detailed, micro-level data on... View Details
Keywords: Recruitment; Management; Corporate Governance; Performance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Executive Compensation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Prejudice and Bias
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  • February 2024
  • Teaching Note

AB InBev: Brewing Up Forecasts during COVID-19

By: Mark Egan and C. Fritz Foley
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 224-020. In July 2021, the CEO of AB InBev's European operations and his team strategized to position the company for success post-pandemic. As the world's largest beer company, boasting over 500 brands, revenue of $46 billion, and a... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting; Investor Relations; Beverage Industry; Corporate Finance; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Health Pandemics; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Crisis Management; Business Model; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Europe
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    Robert C. Merton

    Robert C. Merton is the School of Management Distinguished Professor of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management.

    Merton is University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and was the George Fisher Baker Professor of... View Details

    Keywords: banking; brokerage; financial services; insurance industry; investment banking industry; retail financial services

      Jeffrey F. Rayport

      Jeffrey F Rayport is a faculty member in the Entrepreneurial Management Unit at Harvard Business School, where he teaches in the School’s MBA and Executive Education Programs and on HBS Online. His primary focus in teaching and research is growth-stage technology... View Details

      • November 1993 (Revised March 1995)
      • Case

      Marsh Supermarkets, Inc. (A): The Marsh Super Study

      In response to recent trends in grocery retailing, Marsh Supermarkets has completed an intensive 65-week study of the activity at 5 superstores in the midwest United States. The study tracked the sales, profits, space, and promotion dynamics of the entire store: dry... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Analysis; Consumer Behavior; Retail Industry
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      • 03 Jul 2013
      • What Do You Think?

      What Are the Limits of Transparency?

      information is delivered." One possible line would include information about a company's strategy. Brad Keller commented that "It takes more than just sharing financials or performance review data It is really a matter of being... View Details
      Keywords: by James Heskett
      • July 2010 (Revised August 2011)
      • Supplement

      Erik Peterson at Biometra (B)

      By: John J. Gabarro, Thomas J. DeLong and Jevan Soo
      This one-paragraph case adds to the data presented in the (A) case. A redisguised and updated version of earlier case 494-006. View Details
      Keywords: Business Units; Leadership; Management; Product Launch; Problems and Challenges
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      • 11 Apr 2007
      • Research & Ideas

      Adding Time to Activity-Based Costing

      To improve any business, managers need to understand how much it costs to produce a profitable product. It seems a simple task, but the process of securing and analyzing the data can be incredibly complex... View Details
      Keywords: by Sarah Jane Gilbert
      • 04 Mar 2020
      • Research & Ideas

      How Schmoozing with the Boss Helps Men Get Promoted

      female, women make up only 38 percent of middle management jobs, 22 percent of C-suite seats, and a grim 5 percent of CEO positions, according to 2019 data from the consulting firm McKinsey & Company.... View Details
      Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment

      By: Wei Cai, Dennis Campbell and Jiehang Yu
      The importance of culture as an informal management control system is increasingly acknowledged in academia. While prior research mainly focuses on the value of culture on internal stakeholders (e.g., employees), we examine whether culture serves as a credible signal... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Groups and Teams; Customer Focus and Relationships
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      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      What Factors Drive Director Perceptions of Their Board's Effectiveness?

      By: Boris Groysberg, Paul M. Healy and Richard Ellis Crum
      We use a survey of directors to collect data on their ratings of board effectiveness as well as board internal dynamics and key processes. Controlling for many of the governance metrics examined by prior research, we find that directors’ ratings of their boards’... View Details
      Keywords: Board Of Directors; Corporate Governance; Performance Effectiveness; Perception; Risk Management
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      • 23 Dec 2010
      • News

      Rethinking the MBA: Business Education at a Crossroads named one of the best business books of 2010 by Strategy + Business magazine

      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?

      By: Tom Nicholas
      Do white collar workers with lower social status in the occupational hierarchy die younger? The influential Whitehall studies of British civil servants identified a strong inverse relationship between employment rank and mortality, but we do not know if this effect... View Details
      Keywords: Mortality; Status; Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health
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      • July 2017
      • Article

      What Do Measures of Real-Time Corporate Sales Tell Us About Earnings Surprises and Post-announcement Returns?

      By: Kenneth A. Froot, Namho Kang, Gideon Ozik and Ronnie Sadka
      We develop real-time proxies of retail corporate sales from multiple sources, including approximately 50 million mobile devices. These measures contain information from both the earnings quarter (within quarter) and the period between that quarter's end and the... View Details
      Keywords: Announcements; Business Earnings; Sales; Retail Industry
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        Building a Culture of Experimentation

        Why don’t organizations test more? After examining this question for several years, I can tell you that a central reason is culture. As companies try to scale up their experimentation capacity, they often find that the obstacles are not tools and technology but... View Details

        • 2014
        • Working Paper

        The Unfairness Trap: A Key Missing Factor in the Economic Theory of Discrimination

        By: Jordan I. Siegel, Naomi Kodama and Hanna Halaburda
        Prior evidence linking increased female representation in management to corporate performance has been surprisingly mixed, due in part to data limitations and methodological difficulties, and possibly to omission of a fairness factor in the economic theory of... View Details
        Keywords: Managerial Roles; Fairness; Performance Productivity; Gender; Japan
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        • 2020
        • Working Paper

        The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation

        By: Sourobh Ghosh, Stefan Thomke and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali
        Do senior managers help or hurt business experiments? Despite the widespread adoption of business experiments to guide strategic decision-making, we lack a scholarly understanding of what role senior managers play in firm experimentation. Using proprietary data of live... View Details
        Keywords: Experimentation; Innovation; Search; New Product Development; Innovation and Invention; Organizational Design; Learning; Performance
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        • August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
        • Supplement

        Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)

        By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
        The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
        Keywords: Dairy Industry; Earnings Management; Environmental Accounting; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decisions; Voting; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercial Banking; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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        • January 2021 (Revised August 2021)
        • Case

        ByteDance: TikTok and the Trials of Going Viral

        By: William C. Kirby and John P. McHugh
        In 2020, TikTok became the most valuable start-up ever. The short-form, video-sharing social media platform emerged as the crown jewel of the Chinese technology firm ByteDance, realizing 850 million monthly users and an estimated worth of $180 billion. However, a... View Details
        Keywords: China; Technology; Startup; Start-up; International Strategy; Global Strategy And Leadership; Innovation; Political Risk; Regulations; Trump; Foreign Policy; Foreign Investment; Chinese Internet Market; Global Strategy; Crisis Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Entrepreneurship; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government Legislation; Innovation and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Internet and the Web; Social Media; Technology Industry; China; United States
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          George Serafeim

          George Serafeim is the Charles M. Williams Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, where he co-leads the Climate and Sustainability Impact Lab in the Digital, Data, and Design Institute. He teaches the course "Risks, Opportunities and... View Details

          Keywords: asset management; asset management; asset management; asset management; asset management; asset management; asset management