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All HBS Web
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- Faculty Publications (149)
- 2021
- Working Paper
How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates?
By: Andrew C. Baker, David F. Larcker and Charles C.Y. Wang
Difference-in-differences analysis with staggered treatment timing is frequently used to assess the impact of policy changes on corporate outcomes in academic research. However, recent advances in econometric theory show that such designs are likely to be biased in the...
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Keywords:
Difference In Differences;
Staggered Difference-in-differences Designs;
Generalized Difference-in-differences;
Dynamic Treatment Effects;
Mathematical Methods
Baker, Andrew C., David F. Larcker, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates?" European Corporate Governance Institute Finance Working Paper, No. 736/2021, February 2021. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-112, April 2021.)
- March 2021
- Article
Provider Teams Outperform Solo Providers in Managing Chronic Diseases and Could Improve the Value of Care
By: Maximilian J. Pany, Lucy Chen, Bethany Sheridan and Robert S. Huckman
Scope-of-practice regulations, including prescribing limits and supervision requirements, may influence the propensity of providers to form care teams. Therefore, policy makers need to understand the effect of both team-based care and provider type on clinical...
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Keywords:
Disease Management;
Team-based Care;
Health Care and Treatment;
Groups and Teams;
Performance
Pany, Maximilian J., Lucy Chen, Bethany Sheridan, and Robert S. Huckman. "Provider Teams Outperform Solo Providers in Managing Chronic Diseases and Could Improve the Value of Care." Health Affairs 40, no. 3 (March 2021): 435–444.
- February 2021
- Case
New England Baptist Hospital: Getting Paid for Value
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Mary Witkowski, Toby E. Emanuel and Syed S. Shehab
New England Baptist Hospital (NEBH), a national leader in adult orthopedic care, has the lowest rate of complications and 30-day readmissions in New England, but gets paid 30% less for its surgeries than nearby institutions. NEBH introduces, with several large...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Healthcare Spending;
Healthcare Innovation;
Healthcare Industry;
Health Care Outcomes;
Health Care Delivery;
Health Care Reform;
Bundled Payments;
Health Care and Treatment;
Spending;
Innovation and Invention;
Value Creation;
Strategy;
Health Industry;
North America
Kaplan, Robert S., Mary Witkowski, Toby E. Emanuel, and Syed S. Shehab. "New England Baptist Hospital: Getting Paid for Value." Harvard Business School Case 121-036, February 2021.
- February 2021
- Article
Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems
By: A Jay Holmgren, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman and Kevin A. Schulman
Importance: Understanding how the electronic health record (EHR) system changes clinician work, productivity, and well-being is critical. Little is known regarding global variation in patterns of use.
Objective: To provide insights into which EHR... View Details
Objective: To provide insights into which EHR... View Details
Keywords:
Electronic Health Records;
Health Care and Treatment;
Online Technology;
Health Industry;
Information Technology Industry
Holmgren, A Jay, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman, and Kevin A. Schulman. "Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems." JAMA Internal Medicine 181, no. 2 (February 2021): 251–259.
- February 2021
- Article
Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic and Mary Witkowski
This article describes the challenges and solutions in determining whether a patient’s treatment has been successful. Such an assessment depends on multiple factors, including the patient’s pretreatment status; the qualifications of personnel performing the treatment;...
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Keywords:
Outcomes Measurement;
Health Care and Treatment;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics
Kaplan, Robert S., Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic, and Mary Witkowski. "Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 2, no. 2 (February 2021).
- December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center
By: Shane Greenstein, Mel Martin and Sarkis Agaian
After discovering that their cancer diagnostic tool, designed to leverage the cloud computing power of IBM Watson, needed greater integration into the clinical processes at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, the development team had difficult choices to make. The Oncology...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Innovation Strategy;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Operations;
Failure;
Information Technology;
Applications and Software;
Health Care and Treatment;
Product Development;
Health Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States;
Houston;
Texas
Greenstein, Shane, Mel Martin, and Sarkis Agaian. "IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center." Harvard Business School Case 621-022, December 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
- Article
Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan
By: Susanna Gallani, Takehisa Kajiwara and Ranjani Krishnan
Mandatory measurement and disclosure of outcome measures are commonly used policy tools in
healthcare. The effectiveness of such disclosures relies on the extent to which the new information produced by the mandatory system is internalized by the healthcare...
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Keywords:
Value Of Information;
Feedback;
Patient Satisfaction;
Healthcare;
Health Care and Treatment;
Satisfaction;
Information;
Measurement and Metrics;
Performance Improvement
Gallani, Susanna, Takehisa Kajiwara, and Ranjani Krishnan. "Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan." International Journal of Health Economics and Management 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 319–357.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Vertical Integration of Healthcare Providers Increases Self-Referrals and Can Reduce Downstream Competition: The Case of Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities
By: David Cutler, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, Steven S. Lee and Christopher Ody
The landscape of the U.S. healthcare industry is changing dramatically as healthcare providers expand both within and across markets. While federal antitrust agencies have mounted several challenges to same-market combinations, they have not challenged any...
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Keywords:
Antitrust;
Health Care and Treatment;
Vertical Integration;
Organizational Structure;
Competition;
Health Industry;
United States
Cutler, David, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, Steven S. Lee, and Christopher Ody. "Vertical Integration of Healthcare Providers Increases Self-Referrals and Can Reduce Downstream Competition: The Case of Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28305, December 2020.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Targeting for Long-Term Outcomes
By: Jeremy Yang, Dean Eckles, Paramveer Dhillon and Sinan Aral
Decision makers often want to target interventions so as to maximize an outcome that is observed only in the long term. This typically requires delaying decisions until the outcome is observed or relying on simple short-term proxies for the long-term outcome. Here we...
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Keywords:
Targeted Marketing;
Optimization;
Churn Management;
Marketing;
Customer Relationship Management;
Policy;
Learning;
Outcome or Result
Yang, Jeremy, Dean Eckles, Paramveer Dhillon, and Sinan Aral. "Targeting for Long-Term Outcomes." Working Paper, October 2020.
- 2023
- Working Paper
When Should Public Programs Be Privately Administered? Theory and Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program
By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
What happens when public resources are allocated by private companies whose objectives may be
imperfectly aligned with policy goals? We study this question in the context of the Paycheck
Protection Program (PPP), which relied on private banks to disburse aid to small...
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Keywords:
Paycheck Protection Program;
Targeting;
Impact;
Entrepreneurship;
Health Pandemics;
Small Business;
Financing and Loans;
Outcome or Result;
United States
Bartik, Alexander, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton, and Adi Sunderam. "When Should Public Programs Be Privately Administered? Theory and Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-021, August 2020. (Revised July 2023.)
- Article
The Importance of Being Causal
By: Iavor I Bojinov, Albert Chen and Min Liu
Causal inference is the study of how actions, interventions, or treatments affect outcomes of interest. The methods that have received the lion’s share of attention in the data science literature for establishing causation are variations of randomized experiments....
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Observational Studies;
Cross-sectional Studies;
Panel Studies;
Interrupted Time-series;
Instrumental Variables
Bojinov, Iavor I., Albert Chen, and Min Liu. "The Importance of Being Causal." Harvard Data Science Review 2.3 (July 30, 2020).
- Article
Assessing the Value of Pediatric Aerodigestive Care
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Chris Hartnick, Mahek Shah, Steven M. Coppess, Alisa Yamasaki, Kaalan E. Johnson, Jeremy Prager, Christopher T. Wootten, Thomas Gallagher and Evan Propst
Leaders at six hospitals conducted a research study to assess and compare the health outcomes and costs of pediatric aerodigestive care. Four of the hospitals delivered care with an integrated practice unit (IPU) while two delivered care traditionally, with isolated...
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Keywords:
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing;
Value-based Health Care;
Integrated Practice Unit;
Health Care and Treatment;
Cost Management;
Performance Improvement
Kaplan, Robert S., Chris Hartnick, Mahek Shah, Steven M. Coppess, Alisa Yamasaki, Kaalan E. Johnson, Jeremy Prager, Christopher T. Wootten, Thomas Gallagher, and Evan Propst. "Assessing the Value of Pediatric Aerodigestive Care." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 1, no. 4 (July–August 2020).
- June 2020
- Article
Overcoming Barriers to Early Disease Intervention
By: H. Hugo Caicedo, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Julio C. Caicedo, Alex Pentland and Gary P. Pisano
It is widely acknowledged that earlier intervention in many disease processes leads to better patient outcomes and lower treatment costs. To date, most efforts at early disease intervention have focused on "primary prevention" which focuses on preventing diseases in...
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Caicedo, H. Hugo, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Julio C. Caicedo, Alex Pentland, and Gary P. Pisano. "Overcoming Barriers to Early Disease Intervention." Nature Biotechnology 38, no. 6 (June 2020).
- May 21, 2020
- Editorial
Primary Care Is Hurting: Why Aren't Private Insurers Pitching In?
By: Leemore S. Dafny and J. Michael McWilliams
Primary care clinicians are the front line for patients with suspected infection. We rely on them to diagnose, triage, and manage patients with potential or confirmed COVID infections. They are also responsible for keeping non-COVID medical conditions under control...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Primary Care;
Health Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Financial Condition;
Insurance
Dafny, Leemore S., and J. Michael McWilliams. "Primary Care Is Hurting: Why Aren't Private Insurers Pitching In?" Health Affairs Blog (May 21, 2020).
- May 2020
- Article
Negotiating a Better Future: How Interpersonal Skills Facilitate Inter-Generational Investment
By: Nava Ashraf, Natalie Bau, Corinne Low and Kathleen McGinn
Using a randomized control trial, we examine whether offering adolescent girls nonmaterial resources—specifically, negotiation skills—can improve educational outcomes in a low-income country. In so doing, we provide the first evidence on the effects of an intervention...
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Keywords:
Negotiation;
Competency and Skills;
Training;
Age;
Gender;
Education;
Investment;
Outcome or Result;
Developing Countries and Economies
Ashraf, Nava, Natalie Bau, Corinne Low, and Kathleen McGinn. "Negotiating a Better Future: How Interpersonal Skills Facilitate Inter-Generational Investment." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 2 (May 2020): 1095–1151.
- May–June 2020
- Article
The Agenda for the Next Generation of Health Care Information Technology
By: Thomas W. Feeley, Zachary Landman and Michael E. Porter
As the diffusion of value-based health care efforts accelerates globally, the need for interoperable information technology systems that support value-based care is essential. Such systems are needed to facilitate dramatic improvements in patient outcomes and...
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Keywords:
Value-based Health Care;
Health Care and Treatment;
Information Technology;
Integration;
Performance Improvement;
Performance Efficiency
Feeley, Thomas W., Zachary Landman, and Michael E. Porter. "The Agenda for the Next Generation of Health Care Information Technology." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 1, no. 3 (May–June 2020).
- 2020
- Chapter
Health Care Markets a Decade After the ACA: Bigger, but Probably Not Better
By: Leemore S. Dafny
Love it or hate it, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) embraced and extended the role of private markets in financing and delivering health care in the United States. Ten years after the ACA’s passage, it is unclear whether health care markets are better (along a range of...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Markets;
Laws and Statutes;
Outcome or Result;
Health Industry;
United States
Dafny, Leemore S. "Health Care Markets a Decade After the ACA: Bigger, but Probably Not Better." Chap. 15 in The Trillion Dollar Revolution: How the Affordable Care Act Transformed Politics, Law, and Health Care in America, edited by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Abbe R. Gluck. New York: PublicAffairs, 2020.
- November 2019 (Revised December 2019)
- Case
Martini Klinik: Prostate Cancer Care 2019
By: Michael E. Porter, Jens Deerberg-Wittram and Thomas W. Feeley
Since its establishment in 2005, Hamburg’s Martini Klinik had single mindedly focused on prostate cancer care with a commitment to measure long-term health outcomes for every patient. A wholly owned subsidiary of the University Hospital Hamburg, Martini Klinik was a...
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Keywords:
Health Care;
Michael Porter;
Jens Deerberg-Wittram;
Clifford Marks;
Prostate Cancer;
Health Care Policy;
Value Agenda;
Integrated Practice Units;
Outcomes Measurement;
Health Care and Treatment;
Value;
Health Disorders;
Insurance;
Medical Specialties;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics;
Business Processes;
Insurance Industry;
Health Industry;
Germany
Porter, Michael E., Jens Deerberg-Wittram, and Thomas W. Feeley. "Martini Klinik: Prostate Cancer Care 2019." Harvard Business School Case 720-359, November 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
- November 9, 2019
- Article
Effect of Revealing Authors' Conflicts of Interests in Peer Review: Randomized Controlled Trial
By: Leslie K. John, George Loewenstein, Andrew Marder and Michael Callaham
Objective: To assess the impact of disclosing authors’ conflict of interest declarations to peer reviewers at a medical journal.
Design: Randomised controlled trial.
Setting: The study was conducted within the manuscript review process at the... View Details
Design: Randomised controlled trial.
Setting: The study was conducted within the manuscript review process at the... View Details
Keywords:
Conflicts Of Interest;
Peer Review;
Randomized Controlled Trial;
Scientific Publication;
Conflict of Interests;
Journals and Magazines;
Science
John, Leslie K., George Loewenstein, Andrew Marder, and Michael Callaham. "Effect of Revealing Authors' Conflicts of Interests in Peer Review: Randomized Controlled Trial." BMJ: British Medical Journal 367, no. 8221 (November 9, 2019).
- Article
Mandate Outcomes Reporting
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Michael E. Porter
Currently, few health care providers measure and report their patient outcomes, which leads to several problems. Attempts to introduce price transparency without outcomes transparency could trigger a “race to the bottom.” Should Medicare coverage be expanded to...
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Keywords:
Outcomes Reporting;
Outcomes Measurement;
Medicare;
Medicaid;
Health Care and Treatment;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics
Kaplan, Robert S., and Michael E. Porter. "Mandate Outcomes Reporting." Health Management, Policy and Innovation 4, no. 3 (December 2019).