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- Faculty Publications (163)
- October 2020
- Technical Note
Organizational Reinvention
By: Ryan Raffaelli
This note is designed to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of leading innovation in established organizations. Reinvention is a process whereby organizations respond to changes in the environment that threaten their core business model, technologies,...
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Keywords:
Innovation And Strategy;
Leadership And Change Management;
Organizational Ambidexterity;
Exploration And Exploitation;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Leading Change;
Technology Adoption;
Change Management;
Organizational Change and Adaptation
Raffaelli, Ryan. "Organizational Reinvention." Harvard Business School Technical Note 421-041, October 2020.
- August 2020
- Case
Zoom Video Communications: Eric Yuan's Leadership During COVID-19
In the first half of 2020, worldwide lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic brought explosive growth to the Zoom Video Communications platform, as people replaced in-person work and social events with videoconferencing. Months into the pandemic, CEO Eric Yuan...
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Keywords:
Transformation;
Communication Technology;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Values and Beliefs;
Technological Innovation;
Leadership;
Crisis Management;
Organizational Culture;
Working Conditions;
Strategy;
Information Technology;
Applications and Software;
Technology Adoption;
Health Pandemics;
Technology Industry;
United States;
California
Kominers, Scott Duke, Christopher Stanton, Andy Wu, and George Gonzalez. "Zoom Video Communications: Eric Yuan's Leadership During COVID-19." Harvard Business School Case 821-014, August 2020.
- Aug 2020
- Conference Presentation
Impacting Grand Challenges: A 'Both/And' Approach
By: Natalie Slawinski, Wendy K. Smith, Robin J. Ely, Tobias Hahn, Andrew J. Hoffman and Anita M. McGahan
In this panel symposium, we seek to build on growing efforts by management scholars to engage with grand challenges and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Reflective of the All- Academy Theme description, we note that research and scholarship...
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Slawinski, Natalie, Wendy K. Smith, Robin J. Ely, Tobias Hahn, Andrew J. Hoffman, and Anita M. McGahan. "Impacting Grand Challenges: A 'Both/And' Approach." Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Virtual, August 2020.
- Article
The Importance of Being Causal
By: Iavor I Bojinov, Albert Chen and Min Liu
Causal inference is the study of how actions, interventions, or treatments affect outcomes of interest. The methods that have received the lion’s share of attention in the data science literature for establishing causation are variations of randomized experiments....
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Keywords:
Causal Inference;
Observational Studies;
Cross-sectional Studies;
Panel Studies;
Interrupted Time-series;
Instrumental Variables
Bojinov, Iavor I., Albert Chen, and Min Liu. "The Importance of Being Causal." Harvard Data Science Review 2.3 (July 30, 2020).
- April 2020 (Revised February 2023)
- Case
GitLab and the Future of All-Remote Work (A)
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Emma Salomon
GitLab is arguably one of the world’s largest “all-remote” companies. Started in 2011 and with more than 1,000 employees at present, it has no physical offices and all employees, including the entire C-Suite, work remotely from all parts of the world. The case...
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Keywords:
Remote Work;
Internet and the Web;
Technology Adoption;
Value Creation;
Business Model;
Organizational Structure
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Emma Salomon. "GitLab and the Future of All-Remote Work (A)." Harvard Business School Case 620-066, April 2020. (Revised February 2023.)
- March 2020
- Case
Voi Technology
By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Olivia Hull
Voi Technology, a fast-growing start-up out of Sweden, is competing in the highly contested European e-scooter sharing market. With a presence in nearly 40 cities in Europe by February 2020, the firm is working hard to improve its unit economics to reach profitability....
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Business Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Marketing Strategy;
Business Plan;
Product Marketing;
Product Launch;
Product Positioning;
Energy Conservation;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Innovation Leadership;
Human Capital;
Laws and Statutes;
Growth Management;
Operations;
Logistics;
Service Operations;
Supply Chain Management;
Organizational Culture;
Information Infrastructure;
Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
Technology Industry;
Europe
Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Olivia Hull. "Voi Technology." Harvard Business School Case 820-099, March 2020.
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation
By: Sourobh Ghosh, Stefan Thomke and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali
Do senior managers help or hurt business experiments? Despite the widespread adoption of business experiments to guide strategic decision-making, we lack a scholarly understanding of what role senior managers play in firm experimentation. Using proprietary data of live...
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Keywords:
Experimentation;
Innovation;
Search;
New Product Development;
Innovation and Invention;
Organizational Design;
Learning;
Performance
Ghosh, Sourobh, Stefan Thomke, and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali. "The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-081, February 2020.
- February 2020
- Technical Note
Talent Management and the Future of Work
By: William R. Kerr and Gorick Ng
The nature of work is changing—and it is changing rapidly. Few days go by without industry giants such as Amazon and AT&T announcing plans to invest billions of dollars towards retraining nearly half of their respective workforces for jobs of the future. What changes...
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Keywords:
Human Resource Management;
Human Capital Development;
Human Resource Practices;
Talent;
Talent Acquisition;
Talent Development;
Talent Development And Retention;
Talent Management;
Talent Retention;
Labor Flows;
Labor Management;
Labor Market;
Strategy Development;
Strategy Management;
Strategy Execution;
Strategy And Execution;
Strategic Change;
Transformations;
Organization;
Organization Alignment;
Organization Design;
Organizational Adaptation;
Organizational Effectiveness;
Management Challenges;
Management Of Business And Political Risk;
Change Leadership;
Future Of Work;
Future;
Skills Gap;
Skills Development;
Skills;
Offshoring And Outsourcing;
Investment;
Capital Allocation;
Work;
Work Culture;
Work Force Management;
Work/life Balance;
Work/family Balance;
Work-family Boundary Management;
Workers;
Worker Productivity;
Worker Performance;
Work Engagement;
Work Environment;
Work Environments;
Productivity;
Organization Culture;
Soft Skills;
Technology Management;
Technological Change;
Technological Change: Choices And Consequences;
Technology Diffusion;
Disruptive Technology;
Global Business;
Global;
Workplace;
Workplace Context;
Workplace Culture;
Workplace Wellness;
Collaboration;
Competencies;
Productivity Gains;
Digital;
Digital Transition;
Competitive Dynamics;
Competitiveness;
Competitive Strategy;
Data Analytics;
Data;
Data Management;
Data Strategy;
Data Protection;
Aging Society;
Diversity;
Diversity Management;
Millennials;
Communication Complexity;
Communication Technologies;
International Business;
Work Sharing;
Global Competitiveness;
Global Corporate Cultures;
Intellectual Property;
Intellectual Property Management;
Intellectual Property Protection;
Intellectual Capital And Property Issues;
Globalization Of Supply Chain;
Inequality;
Recruiting;
Hiring;
Hiring Of Employees;
Training;
Job Cuts And Outsourcing;
Job Performance;
Job Search;
Job Design;
Job Satisfaction;
Jobs;
Employee Engagement;
Employee Attitude;
Employee Benefits;
Employee Compensation;
Employee Fairness;
Employee Relationship Management;
Employee Retention;
Employee Selection;
Employee Motivation;
Employee Feedback;
Employee Coordination;
Employee Performance Management;
Employee Socialization;
Process Improvement;
Application Performance Management;
Stigma;
Institutional Change;
Candidates;
Digital Enterprise;
Cultural Adaptation;
Cultural Change;
Cultural Diversity;
Cultural Context;
Cultural Strategies;
Cultural Psychology;
Cultural Reform;
Performance;
Performance Effectiveness;
Performance Management;
Performance Evaluation;
Performance Appraisal;
Performance Feedback;
Performance Measurement;
Performance Metrics;
Performance Measures;
Performance Efficiency;
Efficiency;
Performance Analysis;
Performance Appraisals;
Performance Improvement;
Automation;
Artificial Intelligence;
Technology Companies;
Managerial Processes;
Skilled Migration;
Assessment;
Human Resources;
Management;
Human Capital;
Talent and Talent Management;
Retention;
Demographics;
Labor;
Strategy;
Change;
Change Management;
Transformation;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Working Conditions;
Information Technology;
Technology Adoption;
Disruption;
Economy;
Competition;
Globalization;
AI and Machine Learning;
Digital Transformation
Kerr, William R., and Gorick Ng. "Talent Management and the Future of Work." Harvard Business School Technical Note 820-084, February 2020.
- 2019
- Article
Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation
By: John Winsor, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman and Karim R. Lakhani
Purpose: This article offers insight on how to effectively help incumbent organizations prepare for global business shifts to open source and digital business models.
Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies... View Details
Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies... View Details
Keywords:
Open Source Innovation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Business Model;
Technological Innovation;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Winsor, John, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 6 (2019): 28–33.
- November–December 2019
- Article
Head, Heart or Hands: How Do Employees Respond to a Radical Global Language Change Over Time?
By: Sebastian Reiche and Tsedal Neeley
To understand how recipients respond to radical change over time across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, we conducted a longitudinal study of a mandated language change at a Chilean subsidiary of a large U.S. multinational organization. The...
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Keywords:
Language;
Communication;
Change;
Employees;
Attitudes;
Emotions;
Globalized Firms and Management
Reiche, Sebastian, and Tsedal Neeley. "Head, Heart or Hands: How Do Employees Respond to a Radical Global Language Change Over Time?" Organization Science 30, no. 6 (November–December 2019): 1252–1269.
- August 2019
- Case
Humanistic Capitalism at Brunello Cucinelli
By: Francesca Gino and Gary Pisano
This case explores one company’s attempt to experiment with a different underlying model for a capitalist enterprise. Brunello Cucinelli, S.p.A. is a leading manufacturer of luxury fashion apparel. Despite being a publicly traded enterprise with annual revenues...
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Keywords:
Corporate Culture;
Human Resource Practices;
Growth;
Growth Strategy;
Motivation;
Values;
Fashion;
Capitalism;
Organizational Culture;
Values and Beliefs;
Human Resources;
Management;
Business Model;
Policy;
Behavior;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Luxury;
Italy
Gino, Francesca, and Gary Pisano. "Humanistic Capitalism at Brunello Cucinelli." Harvard Business School Case 920-007, August 2019.
- July–August 2019
- Article
Coupling Labor Codes of Conduct and Supplier Labor Practices: The Role of Internal Structural Conditions
By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Exploitive working conditions have spurred companies to pressure their suppliers to adopt labor codes of conduct and to conform their labor practices to the standards set forth in those codes. Yet little is known about whether organizational structures such as codes...
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Keywords:
Organization Theory;
Economic Sociology;
Social Responsibility;
Sustainability;
Auditing;
Process Improvement;
Organizational Structure;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Supply Chain;
Labor;
Working Conditions
Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Coupling Labor Codes of Conduct and Supplier Labor Practices: The Role of Internal Structural Conditions." Organization Science 30, no. 4 (July–August 2019): 847–867. (Best Paper Award at ComplianceNet Conference 2019, 2020 Responsible Research in Management Award Finalist.)
- Article
Frame Flexibility: The Role of Cognitive and Emotional Framing in Innovation Adoption by Incumbent Firms
By: Ryan Raffaelli, Mary Ann Glynn and Michael Tushman
Why do incumbent firms frequently reject nonincremental innovations? Beyond technical, structural, or economic factors, we propose an additional factor: the degree of the top management team's (TMT) frame flexibility, i.e., their capability to cognitively expand an...
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Keywords:
Innovation Adoption;
Cognition;
Framing;
Emotional Resonance;
Incumbent Inertia;
Innovation and Invention;
Technology Adoption;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Change Management
Raffaelli, Ryan, Mary Ann Glynn, and Michael Tushman. "Frame Flexibility: The Role of Cognitive and Emotional Framing in Innovation Adoption by Incumbent Firms." Strategic Management Journal 40, no. 7 (July 2019): 1013–1039.
- May 2019
- Case
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation: 'One CMHC' and Version 3.0
By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
When Evan Siddall was appointed CEO of Canada Mortgage Housing Corporation (CMHC) five years earlier, he had embarked on a major organizational restructuring. Now he is spearheading another round of changes. CMHC has adopted an ambition vision and five year strategic...
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Keywords:
Government Organizations;
Culture;
Organizational Change And Transformation;
Human Resource Practices;
Future Of Work;
Change Management;
Leading Change;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Design;
Government Administration;
Restructuring;
Leadership;
Human Resources;
Talent and Talent Management;
Diversity;
Work-Life Balance;
Financial Services Industry;
Public Administration Industry;
Canada
Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation: 'One CMHC' and Version 3.0." Harvard Business School Case 419-068, May 2019.
- January 15, 2019
- Article
Is Your Company's Strategy Aligned with Your Ownership Model?
By: Josh Baron
The legacy of Vanguard founder John Bogle has brought attention to the transformative influence of ownership structures within the business world. Bogle's revolutionary insight into the limitations of active fund management led to the widespread adoption of index...
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Keywords:
Ownership Type;
Business Strategy;
Organizational Structure;
Strength and Weakness;
Competitive Advantage
Baron, Josh. "Is Your Company's Strategy Aligned with Your Ownership Model?" Harvard Business Review (website) (January 15, 2019).
- December 2018 (Revised March 2021)
- Background Note
Modern Automation (A): Artificial Intelligence
By: William R. Kerr and James Palano
This primer is meant to be a field guide to the late 2010s' surge in business use of "Artificial Intelligence" (AI), or enterprise software based in machine learning. First, it provides an overview of the key trends—digitization, connectivity, the continuation of...
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Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Digitization;
Connectivity;
Computing;
Future Of Work;
Automation;
AI and Machine Learning
Kerr, William R., and James Palano. "Modern Automation (A): Artificial Intelligence." Harvard Business School Background Note 819-084, December 2018. (Revised March 2021.)
- October 2018
- Case
P-Will at DISCO
By: Ethan Bernstein, Naoko Jinjo and Yuna Sakuma
From the outside, DISCO—a Japan-based manufacturer of precision tools for semiconductor production devices—appeared to be a rather ordinary company that had achieved rather extraordinary success: it had simultaneously achieved 70% global market share, had lifted its...
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Keywords:
Human Capital;
P-Will;
DISCO;
Semiconductors;
Self-Managed Organizations;
Governance;
Human Resources;
Selection and Staffing;
Management Practices and Processes;
Management Systems;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Design;
Semiconductor Industry;
Japan
Bernstein, Ethan, Naoko Jinjo, and Yuna Sakuma. "P-Will at DISCO." Harvard Business School Case 419-035, October 2018.
- Article
The Impact of the 'Open' Workspace on Human Collaboration
By: Ethan Bernstein and Stephen Turban
Organizations’ pursuit of increased workplace collaboration has led managers to transform traditional office spaces into “open,” transparency-enhancing architectures with fewer walls, doors, and other spatial boundaries, yet there is scant direct empirical research on...
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Keywords:
Open Office;
Transparency;
Collaboration;
Collective Intelligence;
Workspace;
Workspace Design;
Architecture;
Cubicles;
Boundaries;
Spatial Boundaries;
Human Behavior;
Propinquity;
Co-location;
Interaction;
Sociometers;
People Analytics;
Buildings and Facilities;
Communication;
Design;
Human Resources;
Leadership;
Management;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Networks;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Information Technology;
United States
Bernstein, Ethan, and Stephen Turban. "The Impact of the 'Open' Workspace on Human Collaboration." Art. 239. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 373, no. 1753 (August 19, 2018).
- 2018
- Chapter
New Prospects for Organizational Democracy?: How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs
By: Julie Battilana, Michael Fuerstein and Michael Lee
For an extended period during the first half of the 20th century, industrial democracy was a vibrant movement, with ideological and organizational ties to a thriving unionism. In 2015, however, things look different. While there are instances of democracy in the...
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Battilana, Julie, Michael Fuerstein, and Michael Lee. "New Prospects for Organizational Democracy? How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs." In Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Perspectives Integrating Philosophy and Social Science, edited by Subramanian Rangan, 256–288. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018.
- March 2018 (Revised June 2018)
- Case
Knowledge Sharing at REMA 1000 (A)
By: Tatiana Sandino and Olivia Hull
A year after Norwegian grocery chain REMA 1000 adopted Workplace, Facebook’s enterprise social network, Chief Human Resource Officer Tore Høylie is asked to evaluate its impact on company culture and communication. Almost 90% of the workforce is engaged with the...
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Keywords:
Social Network;
Enterprise Social Media;
Facebook;
Workplace;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Communication Technology;
Performance Improvement;
Organizational Culture;
Knowledge Sharing;
Social Media;
Retail Industry;
Norway
Sandino, Tatiana, and Olivia Hull. "Knowledge Sharing at REMA 1000 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 118-007, March 2018. (Revised June 2018.)