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    • All HBS Web  (1,969)
      • Faculty Publications  (462)

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      • January 2024
      • Article

      Fencing Off Silicon Valley: Cross-Border Venture Capital and Technology Spillovers

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, Sina T. Ates, Josh Lerner, Richard Townsend and Yulia Zhestkova
      The treatment of foreign investors is a contentious topic in U.S. entrepreneurship policy. We model a setting where foreign corporate investments in Silicon Valley may allow U.S. entrepreneurs to pursue technologies that they could not otherwise, but may also lead to... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Corporate Venture Capital; Knowledge Spillovers; Foreign Direct Investment; Innovation and Invention; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Policy
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, Sina T. Ates, Josh Lerner, Richard Townsend, and Yulia Zhestkova. "Fencing Off Silicon Valley: Cross-Border Venture Capital and Technology Spillovers." Journal of Monetary Economics 141 (January 2024): 14–39.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Algorithmic Mechanism Design with Investment

      By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Michael Li, Shengwu Li and Paul Milgrom
      We study the investment incentives created by truthful mechanisms that allocate resources using approximation algorithms. Some approximation algorithms guarantee nearly 100% of the optimal welfare, but have only a zero guarantee when one bidder can invest before... View Details
      Keywords: Mechanism Design; Market Design; Auctions
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      Akbarpour, Mohammad, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Michael Li, Shengwu Li, and Paul Milgrom. "Algorithmic Mechanism Design with Investment." Econometrica 91, no. 6 (November 2023): 1969–2003.
      • December 2023
      • Article

      Self-Orienting in Human and Machine Learning

      By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and T. Ullman
      A current proposal for a computational notion of self is a representation of one’s body in a specific time and place, which includes the recognition of that representation as the agent. This turns self-representation into a process of self-orientation, a challenging... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Behavior; Learning
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      De Freitas, Julian, Ahmet Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and T. Ullman. "Self-Orienting in Human and Machine Learning." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 12 (December 2023): 2126–2139.
      • December 2023
      • Article

      When Should the Off-Grid Sun Shine at Night? Optimum Renewable Generation and Energy Storage Investments

      By: Christian Kaps, Simone Marinesi and Serguei Netessine
      Globally, 1.5 billion people live off the grid, their only access to electricity often limited to operationally-expensive fossil fuel generators. Solar power has risen as a sustainable and less costly option, but its generation is variable during the day and... View Details
      Keywords: Energy; Renewable Energy
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      Kaps, Christian, Simone Marinesi, and Serguei Netessine. "When Should the Off-Grid Sun Shine at Night? Optimum Renewable Generation and Energy Storage Investments." Management Science 69, no. 12 (December 2023): 7633–7650.
      • 2023
      • Article

      Which Models Have Perceptually-Aligned Gradients? An Explanation via Off-Manifold Robustness

      By: Suraj Srinivas, Sebastian Bordt and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      One of the remarkable properties of robust computer vision models is that their input-gradients are often aligned with human perception, referred to in the literature as perceptually-aligned gradients (PAGs). Despite only being trained for classification, PAGs cause... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Mathematical Methods
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      Srinivas, Suraj, Sebastian Bordt, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Which Models Have Perceptually-Aligned Gradients? An Explanation via Off-Manifold Robustness." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
      • November 2023
      • Case

      Will Fintechs and Central Banks Play in Emtech's Sandbox?

      By: Daniel Isenberg and William R. Kerr
      In February 2023, Emtech’s founder Carmelle Cadet is facing a dilemma. Rapidly running out of cash, Cadet has a term sheet from a leading VC but has a choice of how to structure the investment. The decision will have significant implications for Cadet’s own stake, as... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Cash Flow; Currency; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Digital Platforms
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      Isenberg, Daniel, and William R. Kerr. "Will Fintechs and Central Banks Play in Emtech's Sandbox?" Harvard Business School Case 824-096, November 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Optimal Stock Valuation Ratio

      By: Sebastian Hillenbrand and Odhrain McCarthy
      Trailing price ratios, such as the price-dividend and the price-earnings ratio, scale prices by trailing cash flow measures. They theoretically contain expected returns, yet, their performance in predicting stock market returns is poor. This is because of an omitted... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Investment Return; AI and Machine Learning; Valuation; Cash Flow; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Hillenbrand, Sebastian, and Odhrain McCarthy. "The Optimal Stock Valuation Ratio." Working Paper, November 2023.
      • October 2023 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Governance and Growth at GenUnity

      By: Brian Trelstad, Paul Healy and Annelena Lobb
      Jerren Chang, CEO and co-founder of GenUnity, had to choose a strategy to scale his civic engagement-focused nonprofit. Based in Boston, Chang could grow the organization there or begin to expand to other cities. He also had to select candidates for a board of... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Nonprofit Organizations; Expansion; Governing and Advisory Boards; Boston
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      Trelstad, Brian, Paul Healy, and Annelena Lobb. "Governance and Growth at GenUnity." Harvard Business School Case 324-015, October 2023. (Revised May 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Fantuan

      By: Feng Zhu and David Lane
      In 2023, CEO Randy Wu was considering the optimal growth strategy for Fantuan, a restaurant food delivery platform that had expanded from its 2014 founding in Vancouver, Canada to serve the Chinese demand for Asian cuisine in urban markets across Australia, Canada, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Customer Focus and Relationships; Diasporas; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Growth Management; Business Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Growth and Development Strategy; Service Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Canada; United Kingdom; Australia
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      Zhu, Feng, and David Lane. "Fantuan." Harvard Business School Case 624-023, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      FARM Rio: Bringing a Brazilian Fashion Brand to the World

      By: Isamar Troncoso and Jill Avery
      FARM Rio, a twenty-six year old Brazilian fashion brand, had recently put down roots in the U.S. The brand, known for its bold, colorful, nature-inspired tropical prints, was testing the waters in Europe to assess if and how the brand should further expand globally.... View Details
      Keywords: Global Marketing; Go-to-market Strategy; Global Branding; Brand Positioning; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Market Entry and Exit; Distribution Channels; Expansion; Fashion Industry; Brazil; United States; Europe
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      Troncoso, Isamar, and Jill Avery. "FARM Rio: Bringing a Brazilian Fashion Brand to the World." Harvard Business School Case 524-003, October 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Black-box Training Data Identification in GANs via Detector Networks

      By: Lukman Olagoke, Salil Vadhan and Seth Neel
      Since their inception Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been popular generative models across images, audio, video, and tabular data. In this paper we study whether given access to a trained GAN, as well as fresh samples from the underlying distribution, if... View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Copyright; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science
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      Olagoke, Lukman, Salil Vadhan, and Seth Neel. "Black-box Training Data Identification in GANs via Detector Networks." Working Paper, October 2023.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations, Inventor-Founders, and Performance

      By: Justine Boudou and Maria Roche
      In this paper, we examine how a startup’s knowledge foundations—embedded in its core technology—influence its performance in the exit market. Using a dataset of 1,006 biomedicine startups founded between 2005 and 2015, we focus on two key factors: (1) the degree of... View Details
      Keywords: Firm Performance; Knowledge Foundations; Exits; Academic Startups; Inventor-founder; Specialized Scientific Knowledge; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Research; Information Publishing; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship
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      Boudou, Justine, and Maria Roche. "Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations, Inventor-Founders, and Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-021, October 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Interest-Rate Risk and Household Portfolios

      By: Sylvain Catherine, Max Miller, James Paron and Natasha Sarin
      How are households exposed to interest-rate risk? When rates fall, households face lower future expected returns but those holding long-term assets—disproportionately the wealthy and middle-aged—experience capital gains. We study the hedging demand for long-term assets... View Details
      Keywords: Portfolio Choice; Social Security; Interest Rates; Investment Portfolio; Equality and Inequality; Welfare
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      Catherine, Sylvain, Max Miller, James Paron, and Natasha Sarin. "Interest-Rate Risk and Household Portfolios." Working Paper, October 2023. (Reject and Resubmit, American Economic Review.)
      • September 28, 2023
      • Article

      A Perspective on the Great Reallocation of Global Supply Chains

      By: Laura Alfaro and Davin Chor
      Previous optimism that cross-border supply chains would improve efficiency for firms and open up growth opportunities for countries has been tempered by concerns that global value chains now expose firms and countries to the risk of disruptions. This column analyses... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain; Policy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Davin Chor. "A Perspective on the Great Reallocation of Global Supply Chains." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (September 28, 2023).
      • September–October 2023
      • Article

      Interpretable Matrix Completion: A Discrete Optimization Approach

      By: Dimitris Bertsimas and Michael Lingzhi Li
      We consider the problem of matrix completion on an n × m matrix. We introduce the problem of interpretable matrix completion that aims to provide meaningful insights for the low-rank matrix using side information. We show that the problem can be... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods
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      Bertsimas, Dimitris, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Interpretable Matrix Completion: A Discrete Optimization Approach." INFORMS Journal on Computing 35, no. 5 (September–October 2023): 952–965.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service

      By: Susan Athey, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath and Jessica Zhu
      ICT is increasingly used to deliver customized information in developing countries. We examine whether individually targeting the timing of automated voice calls meaningfully increases engagement in an agricultural advisory service. We define, estimate, and... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Knowledge Dissemination; Customization and Personalization; Performance Effectiveness
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      Athey, Susan, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath, and Jessica Zhu. "Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-006, August 2023.
      • July–August 2023
      • Article

      Demand Learning and Pricing for Varying Assortments

      By: Kris Ferreira and Emily Mower
      Problem Definition: We consider the problem of demand learning and pricing for retailers who offer assortments of substitutable products that change frequently, e.g., due to limited inventory, perishable or time-sensitive products, or the retailer’s desire to... View Details
      Keywords: Experiments; Pricing And Revenue Management; Retailing; Demand Estimation; Pricing Algorithm; Marketing; Price; Demand and Consumers; Mathematical Methods
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      Ferreira, Kris, and Emily Mower. "Demand Learning and Pricing for Varying Assortments." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 25, no. 4 (July–August 2023): 1227–1244. (Finalist, Practice-Based Research Competition, MSOM (2021) and Finalist, Revenue Management & Pricing Section Practice Award, INFORMS (2019).)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Residential Battery Storage - Reshaping the Way We Do Electricity

      By: Christian Kaps and Serguei Netessine
      In this paper, we aim to understand when private households invest in behind-the-meter battery storage next to rooftop solar and how those batteries impact households, the electricity market, and emissions. We answer three main research questions: 1) When do customers... View Details
      Keywords: Solar Power; Energy Storage; Technology And Innovation Management; Energy; Energy Policy; Renewable Energy; Technological Innovation; Innovation and Management; Energy Industry
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      Kaps, Christian, and Serguei Netessine. "Residential Battery Storage - Reshaping the Way We Do Electricity." Working Paper, February 2025.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Effects of Inconsistent Work Schedules on Employee Lateness and Absenteeism

      By: Caleb Kwon and Ananth Raman
      Problem Definition: Employee lateness and absenteeism pose challenges for businesses, particularly in the retail industry, where punctuality is vital for optimal store operations and customer service. This paper relates employee lateness and absenteeism with... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Employees; Human Capital; Retail Industry
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      Kwon, Caleb, and Ananth Raman. "The Effects of Inconsistent Work Schedules on Employee Lateness and Absenteeism." Working Paper, August 2023.
      • 2023
      • Article

      Towards Bridging the Gaps between the Right to Explanation and the Right to Be Forgotten

      By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Satyapriya Krishna and Jiaqi Ma
      The Right to Explanation and the Right to be Forgotten are two important principles outlined to regulate algorithmic decision making and data usage in real-world applications. While the right to explanation allows individuals to request an actionable explanation for an... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; AI and Machine Learning; Decision Making; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Satyapriya Krishna, and Jiaqi Ma. "Towards Bridging the Gaps between the Right to Explanation and the Right to Be Forgotten." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 40th (2023): 17808–17826.
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