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- Faculty Publications (199)
- 2021
- Working Paper
Who Closed the Schools?
By: Joshua D. Coval
This paper examines the differences in characteristics between U.S. public schools that opted for virtual instruction because of COVID-19, and schools that did not. Much of the variation can be explained by measures of the degree to which districts favored teachers...
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Keywords:
Public Education;
COVID-19;
Virtual Learning;
Education;
Health Pandemics;
Teaching;
Internet and the Web;
Policy;
Outcome or Result;
United States
Coval, Joshua D. "Who Closed the Schools?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-127, June 2021.
- June 2021
- Article
Developing a Value Framework: Utilizing Administrative Data to Assess an Enhanced Care Initiative
By: Casey J. Allen, Jarrod S. Eska, Nikhil G. Thaker, Thomas W. Feeley, Robert S. Kaplan, Ryan W. Huey, Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Jeffrey E. Lee, Steven J. Frank, Thomas A. Aloia, Vijaya Gottumukkala and Matthew H.G. Katz
We used national administrative data to assess multiple domains of value associated with enhanced recovery pathways for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. Value metrics included in-hospital mortality, complication rates, length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission...
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Keywords:
Value-based Health Care;
Health Care and Treatment;
Analytics and Data Science;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics;
Performance Improvement
Allen, Casey J., Jarrod S. Eska, Nikhil G. Thaker, Thomas W. Feeley, Robert S. Kaplan, Ryan W. Huey, Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Jeffrey E. Lee, Steven J. Frank, Thomas A. Aloia, Vijaya Gottumukkala, and Matthew H.G. Katz. "Developing a Value Framework: Utilizing Administrative Data to Assess an Enhanced Care Initiative." Journal of Surgical Research 262 (June 2021): 115–120.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States
By: Marcella Alsan, Amitabh Chandra and Kosali I. Simon
We measure inequities from the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and hospitalizations in the United States during the early months of the outbreak. We discuss challenges in measuring health outcomes and health inequality, some of which are specific to COVID-19 and others...
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Alsan, Marcella, Amitabh Chandra, and Kosali I. Simon. "The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28958, June 2021.
- May 2021
- Article
Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessment of Physicians' Competency
By: J. Hart, K. Yadav, S. Szymanski, A. Summer, A. Tannenbaum, J. Zlatev, D. Daniels and S.D. Halpern
Background: Clinicians’ use of choice architecture, or how they present options, systematically influences the choices made by patients and their surrogate decision makers. However, clinicians may incompletely understand this influence....
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Keywords:
Choice Architecture;
Health Care and Treatment;
Interpersonal Communication;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Competency and Skills
Hart, J., K. Yadav, S. Szymanski, A. Summer, A. Tannenbaum, J. Zlatev, D. Daniels, and S.D. Halpern. "Choice Architecture in Physician–patient Communication: A Mixed-methods Assessment of Physicians' Competency." BMJ Quality & Safety 30, no. 5 (May 2021).
- May 2021
- Article
Value-Based Healthcare in Urology: A Collaborative Review
By: Chanan Reitblat, Paul A. Bain, Michael E. Porter, David N. Bernstein, Thomas W. Feeley, Markus Graefen, Santosh Iyer, Matthew J. Resnick, C.J. Stimson, Quoc-Dien Trinh and Boris Gershman
Context:
In response to growing concerns over rising costs and major variation in quality, improving value for patients has been proposed as a fundamentally new strategy for how healthcare should be delivered, measured, and... View Details
In response to growing concerns over rising costs and major variation in quality, improving value for patients has been proposed as a fundamentally new strategy for how healthcare should be delivered, measured, and... View Details
Keywords:
Value-based Healthcare;
Integrated Practice Units;
Outcome Measurement;
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing;
Health Care and Treatment;
Value;
Cost Management;
Strategy;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics
Reitblat, Chanan, Paul A. Bain, Michael E. Porter, David N. Bernstein, Thomas W. Feeley, Markus Graefen, Santosh Iyer, Matthew J. Resnick, C.J. Stimson, Quoc-Dien Trinh, and Boris Gershman. "Value-Based Healthcare in Urology: A Collaborative Review." European Urology 79, no. 5 (May 2021): 571–585.
- April 2021
- Case
ClearChoice Dental Implant Centers
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Ashiana Jivraj and Jane Barrow
The case illustrates the application of value-based health care to dental medicine. ClearChoice Dental Implant Centers was a rapidly-growing network of dentist-owned independent implant clinics. The targeted market included 23 million people, 15% of the US adult...
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Keywords:
Value-based Health Care;
Dental Medicine;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Expansion;
Business Strategy;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Health Industry;
United States
Kaplan, Robert S., Ashiana Jivraj, and Jane Barrow. "ClearChoice Dental Implant Centers." Harvard Business School Case 121-082, April 2021.
- April 2021 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Project Restart: Deciding the Future of English Football
By: Nour Kteily and Deepak Malhotra
In March 2020, the English Premier League football (soccer) season was suspended partway through due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two months later the season remained in limbo, with a looming deadline to decide whether to attempt to complete the season or curtail it—and...
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Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic;
Sports;
Health Pandemics;
Decision Making;
Fairness;
Values and Beliefs;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Motivation and Incentives;
Outcome or Result;
Perception;
Negotiation;
Sports Industry;
United Kingdom
Kteily, Nour, and Deepak Malhotra. "Project Restart: Deciding the Future of English Football." Harvard Business School Case 921-050, April 2021. (Revised April 2021.)
- March 2021
- Article
Provider Teams Outperform Solo Providers in Managing Chronic Diseases and Could Improve the Value of Care
By: Maximilian J. Pany, Lucy Chen, Bethany Sheridan and Robert S. Huckman
Scope-of-practice regulations, including prescribing limits and supervision requirements, may influence the propensity of providers to form care teams. Therefore, policy makers need to understand the effect of both team-based care and provider type on clinical...
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Keywords:
Disease Management;
Team-based Care;
Health Care and Treatment;
Groups and Teams;
Performance
Pany, Maximilian J., Lucy Chen, Bethany Sheridan, and Robert S. Huckman. "Provider Teams Outperform Solo Providers in Managing Chronic Diseases and Could Improve the Value of Care." Health Affairs 40, no. 3 (March 2021): 435–444.
- February 2021
- Case
New England Baptist Hospital: Getting Paid for Value
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Mary Witkowski, Toby E. Emanuel and Syed S. Shehab
New England Baptist Hospital (NEBH), a national leader in adult orthopedic care, has the lowest rate of complications and 30-day readmissions in New England, but gets paid 30% less for its surgeries than nearby institutions. NEBH introduces, with several large...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Healthcare Spending;
Healthcare Innovation;
Healthcare Industry;
Health Care Outcomes;
Health Care Delivery;
Health Care Reform;
Bundled Payments;
Health Care and Treatment;
Spending;
Innovation and Invention;
Value Creation;
Strategy;
Health Industry;
North America
Kaplan, Robert S., Mary Witkowski, Toby E. Emanuel, and Syed S. Shehab. "New England Baptist Hospital: Getting Paid for Value." Harvard Business School Case 121-036, February 2021.
- February 2021
- Article
Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems
By: A Jay Holmgren, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman and Kevin A. Schulman
Importance: Understanding how the electronic health record (EHR) system changes clinician work, productivity, and well-being is critical. Little is known regarding global variation in patterns of use.
Objective: To provide insights into which EHR... View Details
Objective: To provide insights into which EHR... View Details
Keywords:
Electronic Health Records;
Health Care and Treatment;
Online Technology;
Health Industry;
Health Industry
Holmgren, A Jay, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman, and Kevin A. Schulman. "Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems." JAMA Internal Medicine 181, no. 2 (February 2021): 251–259.
- February 2021
- Article
Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic and Mary Witkowski
This article describes the challenges and solutions in determining whether a patient’s treatment has been successful. Such an assessment depends on multiple factors, including the patient’s pretreatment status; the qualifications of personnel performing the treatment;...
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Keywords:
Outcomes Measurement;
Health Care and Treatment;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics
Kaplan, Robert S., Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic, and Mary Witkowski. "Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 2, no. 2 (February 2021).
- December 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center
By: Shane Greenstein, Mel Martin and Sarkis Agaian
After discovering that their cancer diagnostic tool, designed to leverage the cloud computing power of IBM Watson, needed greater integration into the clinical processes at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, the development team had difficult choices to make. The Oncology...
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Keywords:
Decision Making;
Innovation Strategy;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Use and Leverage;
Operations;
Failure;
Information Technology;
Applications and Software;
Health Care and Treatment;
Product Development;
Health Industry;
Health Industry;
Health Industry;
United States;
Houston;
Texas
Greenstein, Shane, Mel Martin, and Sarkis Agaian. "IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center." Harvard Business School Case 621-022, December 2020. (Revised April 2021.)
- Article
Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan
By: Susanna Gallani, Takehisa Kajiwara and Ranjani Krishnan
Mandatory measurement and disclosure of outcome measures are commonly used policy tools in
healthcare. The effectiveness of such disclosures relies on the extent to which the new information produced by the mandatory system is internalized by the healthcare...
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Keywords:
Value Of Information;
Feedback;
Patient Satisfaction;
Healthcare;
Health Care and Treatment;
Satisfaction;
Information;
Measurement and Metrics;
Performance Improvement
Gallani, Susanna, Takehisa Kajiwara, and Ranjani Krishnan. "Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan." International Journal of Health Economics and Management 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 319–357.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Vertical Integration of Healthcare Providers Increases Self-Referrals and Can Reduce Downstream Competition: The Case of Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities
By: David Cutler, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, Steven S. Lee and Christopher Ody
The landscape of the U.S. healthcare industry is changing dramatically as healthcare providers expand both within and across markets. While federal antitrust agencies have mounted several challenges to same-market combinations, they have not challenged any...
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Keywords:
Antitrust;
Health Care and Treatment;
Vertical Integration;
Organizational Structure;
Competition;
Health Industry;
United States
Cutler, David, Leemore S. Dafny, David Grabowski, Steven S. Lee, and Christopher Ody. "Vertical Integration of Healthcare Providers Increases Self-Referrals and Can Reduce Downstream Competition: The Case of Hospital-Owned Skilled Nursing Facilities." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28305, December 2020.
- October 2020
- Case
Michael Phelps: 'It's Okay to Not Be Okay'
By: Boris Groysberg, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Michael Norris
In 2020, Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian of all time, with 28 medals in various swimming events, was now retired. As he looked back on his 20+ year athletic career, he considered what had gone into making him the greatest of all time—the highs and lows,...
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Keywords:
Mental Health;
Talent and Talent Management;
Training;
Health;
Success;
Performance Improvement;
Personal Development and Career;
Family and Family Relationships;
Sports;
Competition;
Sports Industry;
United States;
Baltimore;
Arizona;
Sydney;
Athens;
Beijing;
London
Groysberg, Boris, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Michael Norris. "Michael Phelps: 'It's Okay to Not Be Okay'." Harvard Business School Case 421-044, October 2020.
- October 2020 (Revised November 2020)
- Case
Wilderness Safaris: Impact Investing and Ecotourism Conservation in Africa
By: James E. Austin, Megan Epler Wood and Herman B. "Dutch" Leonard
In 2018 the majority ownership of publicly owned Wilderness Safaris, the leading high-end ecotourism company in Africa with safari operations in eight countries, was acquired by The Rise Fund, one of the world’s largest private social impact investing funds, and by FS...
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Keywords:
Investing;
Investing For Impact;
Ecotourism;
COVID-19;
Equity Financing;
Strategy Formulation;
Profitability;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Sustainability;
Conservation Planning;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Investment;
Social Enterprise;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Financing and Loans;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Health Pandemics;
Tourism Industry;
Africa;
Rwanda;
Angola
Austin, James E., Megan Epler Wood, and Herman B. "Dutch" Leonard. "Wilderness Safaris: Impact Investing and Ecotourism Conservation in Africa." Harvard Business School Case 321-020, October 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
When Should Public Programs Be Privately Administered? Theory and Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program
By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
What happens when public resources are allocated by private companies whose objectives may be
imperfectly aligned with policy goals? We study this question in the context of the Paycheck
Protection Program (PPP), which relied on private banks to disburse aid to small...
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Keywords:
Paycheck Protection Program;
Targeting;
Impact;
Entrepreneurship;
Health Pandemics;
Small Business;
Financing and Loans;
Outcome or Result;
United States
Bartik, Alexander, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton, and Adi Sunderam. "When Should Public Programs Be Privately Administered? Theory and Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-021, August 2020. (Revised July 2023.)
- Article
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations
By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the...
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Bartik, Alexander, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 28, 2020): 17656–66.
- Article
Assessing the Value of Pediatric Aerodigestive Care
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Chris Hartnick, Mahek Shah, Steven M. Coppess, Alisa Yamasaki, Kaalan E. Johnson, Jeremy Prager, Christopher T. Wootten, Thomas Gallagher and Evan Propst
Leaders at six hospitals conducted a research study to assess and compare the health outcomes and costs of pediatric aerodigestive care. Four of the hospitals delivered care with an integrated practice unit (IPU) while two delivered care traditionally, with isolated...
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Keywords:
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing;
Value-based Health Care;
Integrated Practice Unit;
Health Care and Treatment;
Cost Management;
Performance Improvement
Kaplan, Robert S., Chris Hartnick, Mahek Shah, Steven M. Coppess, Alisa Yamasaki, Kaalan E. Johnson, Jeremy Prager, Christopher T. Wootten, Thomas Gallagher, and Evan Propst. "Assessing the Value of Pediatric Aerodigestive Care." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 1, no. 4 (July–August 2020).
- June 2020
- Article
How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections
By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes...
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Keywords:
Assessment;
Bias;
Inspection;
Scheduling;
Econometric Analysis;
Empirical Research;
Regulation;
Health;
Food;
Safety;
Quality;
Performance Consistency;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2396–2416. (Revised February 2019. Featured in Harvard Business Review, Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, Food Safety News, and KelloggInsight. (2020 MSOM Responsible Research Finalist.))