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Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (838)
    • News  (79)
    • Research  (640)
    • Events  (14)
    • Multimedia  (4)
  • Faculty Publications  (632)

Show Results For

  • All HBS Web  (838)
    • News  (79)
    • Research  (640)
    • Events  (14)
    • Multimedia  (4)
  • Faculty Publications  (632)
← Page 26 of 838 Results →
  • Article

Mitigating Bias in Adaptive Data Gathering via Differential Privacy

By: Seth Neel and Aaron Leon Roth
Data that is gathered adaptively—via bandit algorithms, for example—exhibits bias. This is true both when gathering simple numeric valued data—the empirical means kept track of by stochastic bandit algorithms are biased downwards—and when gathering more complicated... View Details
Keywords: Bandit Algorithms; Bias; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods; Theory
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Neel, Seth, and Aaron Leon Roth. "Mitigating Bias in Adaptive Data Gathering via Differential Privacy." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 35th (2018).
  • June 2005 (Revised March 2006)
  • Case

E Ink in 2005

By: David B. Yoffie and Barbara Mack
Explores the challenges of commercializing a bleeding-edge technology. After seven years, E Ink has spent more than $100 million to commercialize electronic ink. With business momentum picking up, but resources running out, the case examines the key trade-offs in... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Commercialization; Mathematical Methods; Consumer Products Industry; Technology Industry
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Yoffie, David B., and Barbara Mack. "E Ink in 2005." Harvard Business School Case 705-506, June 2005. (Revised March 2006.)
  • July–August 2023
  • Article

Demand Learning and Pricing for Varying Assortments

By: Kris Ferreira and Emily Mower
Problem Definition: We consider the problem of demand learning and pricing for retailers who offer assortments of substitutable products that change frequently, e.g., due to limited inventory, perishable or time-sensitive products, or the retailer’s desire to... View Details
Keywords: Experiments; Pricing And Revenue Management; Retailing; Demand Estimation; Pricing Algorithm; Marketing; Price; Demand and Consumers; Mathematical Methods
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Ferreira, Kris, and Emily Mower. "Demand Learning and Pricing for Varying Assortments." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 25, no. 4 (July–August 2023): 1227–1244. (Finalist, Practice-Based Research Competition, MSOM (2021) and Finalist, Revenue Management & Pricing Section Practice Award, INFORMS (2019).)
  • July 1990
  • Background Note

Perceptual Mapping: A Manager's Guide

By: Robert J. Dolan
Describes the perceptual mapping technique in a non-technical fashion. The procedure is useful for the depiction of the structure of the market. Discusses alternative methods, presents examples of each, and shows how the maps can be used in marketing decision making. View Details
Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Industry Structures; Marketing
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Dolan, Robert J. "Perceptual Mapping: A Manager's Guide." Harvard Business School Background Note 590-121, July 1990.
  • 1999
  • Other Unpublished Work

Estimating Industry Multiples

By: Malcolm Baker and R. S. Ruback
We analyze industry multiples for the S&P 500 in 1995. We use Gibbs sampling to estimate simultaneously the error specification and small sample minimum variance multiples for 22 industries. In addition, we consider the performance of four common multiples: the simple... View Details
Keywords: Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Performance; Mathematical Methods
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Baker, Malcolm, and R. S. Ruback. "Estimating Industry Multiples." 1999.
  • 28 Mar 2023
  • Blog Post

Meet Professor Elisabeth Paulson: A Conversation on Life, Research, and Teaching

mom was a statistics professor, so a career in academia was always something that I considered. During undergrad, I started doing research and was involved in high school tutoring programs. I loved diving deep into complex problems, and helping others apply View Details
  • Working Paper

Group Fairness in Dynamic Refugee Assignment

By: Daniel Freund, Thodoris Lykouris, Elisabeth Paulson, Bradley Sturt and Wentao Weng
Ensuring that refugees and asylum seekers thrive (e.g., find employment) in their host countries is a profound humanitarian goal, and a primary driver of employment is the geographic location within a host country to which the refugee or asylum seeker is... View Details
Keywords: Refugees; Geographic Location; Mathematical Methods; Employment; Fairness
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Freund, Daniel, Thodoris Lykouris, Elisabeth Paulson, Bradley Sturt, and Wentao Weng. "Group Fairness in Dynamic Refugee Assignment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-047, February 2023.
  • August 2003 (Revised May 2009)
  • Background Note

Basic Venture Capital Formula, The

By: William A. Sahlman and Matthew Willis
Briefly summarizes the process that venture capitalists use to analyze high-risk, long-term investments. Contains information on methods that can be used to calculate valuation, share price, percent ownership, implied valuation, dilution, and option pools. View Details
Keywords: Venture Capital; Risk Management; Mathematical Methods; Valuation
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Sahlman, William A., and Matthew Willis. "Basic Venture Capital Formula, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 804-042, August 2003. (Revised May 2009.)
  • Article

Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)

By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli

An inherent risk of algorithmic personalization is disproportionate targeting of individuals from certain groups (or demographic characteristics such as gender or race), even when the decision maker does not intend to discriminate based on those “protected”... View Details

Keywords: Algorithm Bias; Personalization; Targeting; Generalized Random Forests (GRF); Discrimination; Customization and Personalization; Decision Making; Fairness; Mathematical Methods
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Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)." e2115126119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 11 (March 8, 2022).
  • January 2006
  • Tutorial

Cost-Volume Profit Models

By: David F. Hawkins, V.G. Narayanan, Jacob Cohen and Michele Jurgens
Covers fixed, variable, and semivariable costs and their role in building and interpreting cost-volume-profit models. Introduces the cost-volume and contribution-volume-profit models and identifies some of their uses and limitations. Teaches how to use the... View Details
Keywords: Volume; Cost; Profit; Mathematical Methods
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"Cost-Volume Profit Models." Harvard Business School Tutorial 105-705, January 2006.
  • 2007
  • Working Paper

Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

By: Katherine L. Milkman, John Beshears, Todd Rogers and Max H. Bazerman
We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by examining the purchasing behavior of a sample of online grocery shoppers over the course of a year. We compare the purchases customers make when redeeming a $10-off coupon they received from their... View Details
Keywords: Spending; Consumer Behavior; Mathematical Methods; Food and Beverage Industry; Retail Industry
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Milkman, Katherine L., John Beshears, Todd Rogers, and Max H. Bazerman. "Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-024, September 2007. (Revised March 2008.)
  • 01 Oct 1999
  • News

Finance Conference Explores Research Methodologies

used traditional methods of inquiry - mathematical theory or statistical analysis, for instance - while others employed interviews, primary company materials, surveys, and close examination of the trading of individual securities. A... View Details
  • 01 Mar 2016
  • News

Faculty Q&A: Price Check

How did you come to focus on algorithmic pricing? In my doctoral work at MIT, I was studying optimization, probability, and machine learning, which are essentially mathematical tools that enable us to use data to make better decisions.... View Details
Keywords: Julia Hanna; Nonstore Retailers; Retail Trade
  • January 1971 (Revised November 1975)
  • Background Note

Linear Programming: A Technique for Analyzing Resource Allocation Problems

By: Paul W. Marshall
Keywords: Problems and Challenges; Mathematical Methods; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
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Marshall, Paul W. "Linear Programming: A Technique for Analyzing Resource Allocation Problems." Harvard Business School Background Note 171-322, January 1971. (Revised November 1975.)
  • 2022
  • Article

Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods

By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats... View Details
Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Cybersecurity; Mathematical Methods
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Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions

By: Alexander MacKay
The optimal duration of a supply contract balances the costs of reselecting a supplier against the costs of being matched to an inefficient supplier when the contract lasts too long. I develop a structural model of contract duration that captures this tradeoff and... View Details
Keywords: Vertical Relationships; Transaction Costs; Contract Duration; Identification; Supply Chain; Cost; Contracts; Auctions; Mathematical Methods
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MacKay, Alexander. "Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-058, December 2017. (Revised May 2020. Direct download.)
  • 1977
  • Chapter

A Diagnostic Model for Organizational Behavior

By: D. Nadler and M. Tushman
Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Behavior
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Nadler, D., and M. Tushman. "A Diagnostic Model for Organizational Behavior." In Perspectives on Behavior in Organizations, edited by Richard J. Hackman, Edward E. Lawler, Lyman W. Porter, and Patricia S. Nave. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.
  • Article

Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?

By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in... View Details
Keywords: Relational Contracts; Performance Measurement; Informal Management; Balanced Scorecard; Economics; Mathematical Methods
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Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).
  • 2007
  • Working Paper

Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice, and Open Questions

By: Alvin E. Roth
The deferred acceptance algorithm proposed by Gale and Shapley (1962) has had a profound influence on market design, both directly, by being adapted into practical matching mechanisms, and, indirectly, by raising new theoretical questions. Deferred acceptance... View Details
Keywords: Education; Marketplace Matching; Market Design; Mathematical Methods; Theory; Practice
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Roth, Alvin E. "Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice, and Open Questions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13225, July 2007.
  • Article

Wealth-Making in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Britain: Industry v. Commerce and Finance

By: Tom Nicholas
This paper refutes the hypothesis put forward by W.D. Rubinstein that a disproportionately large share of Britain's wealth makers were active in commercial and financial trades in London. We use a data set of businessmen active in nineteenth- and early... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Finance; Commercialization; Mathematical Methods; Wealth and Poverty; Great Britain; London
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Nicholas, Tom. "Wealth-Making in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Britain: Industry v. Commerce and Finance." Business History 41, no. 1 (January 1999).
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