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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(853)
- News (77)
- Research (638)
- Events (12)
- Multimedia (4)
- Faculty Publications (635)
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- July 2023
- Article
Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments
By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted... View Details
Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3759–3777.
- January 1997
- Background Note
Simulation as a Decision Aid
By: Roy D. Shapiro
A brief introduction to simulation--what it is, why it's used, etc. Meant to set context for a first class on simulation. A rewritten version of an earlier note. View Details
Shapiro, Roy D. "Simulation as a Decision Aid." Harvard Business School Background Note 697-062, January 1997.
- Working Paper
The Long-Run Dynamics of Electricity Demand: Evidence from Municipal Aggregation
By: Tatyana Deryugina, Alexander MacKay and Julian Reif
Economic theory suggests that demand is more elastic in the long run relative to the short run, but evidence on the empirical relevance of this phenomenon is scarce. We study the dynamics of residential electricity demand by exploiting price variation arising from a... View Details
Deryugina, Tatyana, Alexander MacKay, and Julian Reif. "The Long-Run Dynamics of Electricity Demand: Evidence from Municipal Aggregation." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 23483, October 2017.
- October 2005 (Revised January 2009)
- Background Note
Corporate Valuation and Market Multiples
By: Timothy A. Luehrman
Provides a basic introduction to the use of market multiples for business valuation. Explains the method's reliance on the Law of One Price, sets forth the basic steps for using the method, and reviews some practical issues arising in its application. View Details
Luehrman, Timothy A. "Corporate Valuation and Market Multiples." Harvard Business School Background Note 206-039, October 2005. (Revised January 2009.)
- September 1974 (Revised April 1975)
- Case
Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. (A)
At the conclusion of a small-scale pilot survey, management must decide whether to invest in a larger survey or terminate the project. The objective of the study is to use psychographic measurement techniques to study the alternative positions of cranberry sauce.... View Details
Keywords: Surveys; Product Positioning; Mathematical Methods; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
DeBruicker, F., and Jan-Erik Modig. "Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 575-039, September 1974. (Revised April 1975.)
- September 1989
- Background Note
Introduction to Decision Making
By: Francis Aguilar
Describes the process of decision making (establish objectives, generate alternatives, and so on) emphasizing the human side of it (using rules of thumb, favoring one's own pet projects) yet demonstrating the role an analytic/quantitative contribution has to make. View Details
Aguilar, Francis. "Introduction to Decision Making." Harvard Business School Background Note 390-048, September 1989.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Design-Based Inference for Multi-arm Bandits
By: Dae Woong Ham, Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Lindon and Martin Tingley
Multi-arm bandits are gaining popularity as they enable real-world sequential decision-making across application areas, including clinical trials, recommender systems, and online decision-making. Consequently, there is an increased desire to use the available... View Details
Ham, Dae Woong, Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Lindon, and Martin Tingley. "Design-Based Inference for Multi-arm Bandits." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-056, March 2024.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Bootstrap Diagnostics for Irregular Estimators
By: Isaiah Andrews and Jesse M. Shapiro
Empirical researchers frequently rely on normal approximations in order to summarize and communicate uncertainty about their findings to their scientific audience. When such approximations are unreliable, they can lead the audience to make misguided decisions. We... View Details
Andrews, Isaiah, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Bootstrap Diagnostics for Irregular Estimators." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32038, January 2024.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Distributionally Robust Causal Inference with Observational Data
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
We consider the estimation of average treatment effects in observational studies and propose a new framework of robust causal inference with unobserved confounders. Our approach is based on distributionally robust optimization and proceeds in two steps. We first... View Details
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Kosuke Imai, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Distributionally Robust Causal Inference with Observational Data." Working Paper, February 2023.
- 2023
- Article
On Minimizing the Impact of Dataset Shifts on Actionable Explanations
By: Anna P. Meyer, Dan Ley, Suraj Srinivas and Himabindu Lakkaraju
The Right to Explanation is an important regulatory principle that allows individuals to request actionable explanations for algorithmic decisions. However, several technical challenges arise when providing such actionable explanations in practice. For instance, models... View Details
Meyer, Anna P., Dan Ley, Suraj Srinivas, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "On Minimizing the Impact of Dataset Shifts on Actionable Explanations." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 39th (2023): 1434–1444.
- Article
Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error
By: Celia Cintas, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan and Edward McFowland III
Reliably detecting attacks in a given set of inputs is of high practical relevance because of the vulnerability of neural networks to adversarial examples. These altered inputs create a security risk in applications with real-world consequences, such as self-driving... View Details
Keywords: Autoencoder Networks; Pattern Detection; Subset Scanning; Computer Vision; Statistical Methods And Machine Learning; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Data Mining; Big Data; Large-scale Systems; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
Cintas, Celia, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan, and Edward McFowland III. "Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error." Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 29th (2020).
- 2017
- Working Paper
Investment Timing with Costly Search for Financing
By: Samuel Antill
I develop a dynamic model of investment timing in which firms must first choose when to search for external financing. Search is costly and the arrival of investors is uncertain, leading to delay in financing and investment. Depending on parameters, my model can... View Details
Keywords: Real Options; Search And Bargaining; Time-varying Financial Conditions; Investment; Venture Capital; Mathematical Methods
Antill, Samuel. "Investment Timing with Costly Search for Financing." Working Paper, December 2017.
- January 2011
- Teaching Note
AIC Netbooks: Optimizing Product Assembly (Brief Case)
By: Steven C. Wheelwright and Sunru Yong
Teaching Note for 4245. View Details
- 1981
- Chapter
Productivity Measurement at the Level of the Firm: An Application within the Service Industry
By: Hirotaka Takeuchi
- November 1989 (Revised March 1992)
- Background Note
Concept Testing
By: Robert J. Dolan
Describes concept testing products. Presents guidelines for effective design, execution, and interpretation of test procedures. Discusses limitations of these techniques and sets out the situations for which they are appropriate. View Details
Dolan, Robert J. "Concept Testing." Harvard Business School Background Note 590-063, November 1989. (Revised March 1992.)
- 1997
- Chapter
Applications of Option-Pricing Theory: Twenty-Five Years Later
By: Robert C. Merton
Merton, Robert C. "Applications of Option-Pricing Theory: Twenty-Five Years Later." In Les Prix Nobel 1997, edited by Tore Frängsmyr. Stockholm: Nobel Foundation, 1997. (Reprinted in American Economic Review, June 1998.)
- spring 1987
- Article
Second-Sourcing and the Experience Curve: Price Competition in Defense Procurement
By: James J. Anton and Dennis A. Yao
We examine a dynamic model of price competition in defense procurement that incorporates the experience curve, asymmetric cost information, and the availability of a higher cost alternative system. We model acquisition as a two-stage process in which initial production... View Details
Anton, James J., and Dennis A. Yao. "Second-Sourcing and the Experience Curve: Price Competition in Defense Procurement." RAND Journal of Economics 18, no. 1 (spring 1987): 57–76. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
- 12 Mar 2008
- Working Paper Summaries
Allocating Marketing Resources
Keywords: by Sunil Gupta & Thomas J. Steenburgh
- May 2011
- Article
Race at the Top: How Companies Shape the Inclusion of African Americans on Their Boards in Response to Institutional Pressures
By: Clayton S. Rose and William T. Bielby
Drawing on institutionalist theory, we conceptualize the racial composition of the boards of directors of large American companies as shaped in response to social and political norms. We use new longitudinal and cross-sectional data to test hypotheses about factors... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Governing and Advisory Boards; Race; Mathematical Methods; Government and Politics; Public Ownership; United States
Rose, Clayton S., and William T. Bielby. "Race at the Top: How Companies Shape the Inclusion of African Americans on Their Boards in Response to Institutional Pressures." Social Science Research 40, no. 3 (May 2011): 841–859.
- 2009
- Working Paper
Farsighted House Allocation
By: Bettina-Elisabeth Klaus, Flip Klijn and Markus Walzl
In this note we study von Neumann-Morgenstern farsightedly stable sets for Shapley and Scarf (1974) housing markets. Kawasaki (2008) shows that the set of competitive allocations coincides with the unique von Neumann-Morgenstern stable set based on a farsighted version... View Details
Keywords: Microeconomics; Housing; Resource Allocation; Mathematical Methods; Competitive Strategy; Equality and Inequality
Klaus, Bettina-Elisabeth, Flip Klijn, and Markus Walzl. "Farsighted House Allocation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-129, May 2009.