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Show Results For
-
All HBS Web
(3,018)
- People (2)
- News (555)
- Research (2,053)
- Events (10)
- Multimedia (8)
- Faculty Publications (1,157)
- September 2011
- Article
Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality
By: Mark J. Roe and Jordan I. Siegel
We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of...
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Keywords:
Financial Development;
Political Instability;
Government and Politics;
Finance;
Growth and Development;
Economics;
Equality and Inequality
Roe, Mark J., and Jordan I. Siegel. "Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality." Journal of Comparative Economics 39, no. 3 (September 2011): 279–309. (We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of financial development. First, structural conditions first postulated by
Engerman and Sokoloff (2002) as generating long-term inequality are shown here empirically to be exogenous determinants of political instability. Second, that exogenously-determined political instability in turn holds back financial development, even when we control for factors prominent in the last decade's cross-country studies of
financial development. The findings indicate that inequality-perpetuating conditions that result in political instability are fundamental roadblocks for international organizations like the World Bank that seek to promote financial development. The evidence here includes country fixed effect regressions and an instrumental model inspired by Engerman and Sokoloff's (2002) work, which to our knowledge has not yet been used in finance and which is consistent with current tests as valid instruments. Four conventional measures of national political instability — Alesina and Perotti's (1996) well-known index of instability, a subsequent index derived from Banks' (2005) work,
and two indices of managerial perceptions of nation-by-nation political instability — persistently predict a wide range of national financial development outcomes for recent decades. Political instability's significance is time consistent in cross-sectional regressions back to the 1960's, the period when the key data becomes available, robust
in both country fixed-effects and instrumental variable regressions, and consistent across multiple measures of instability and of financial development. Overall, the results indicate the existence of an important channel running from structural inequality to political instability, principally in nondemocratic settings, and then to financial
backwardness. The robust significance of that channel extends existing work demonstrating the importance of political economy explanations for financial development and financial backwardness. It should help to better understand which policies will work for financial development, because political instability has causes, cures, and effects quite distinct from those of many of the key institutions most studied in the past decade as explaining financial backwardness.)
- 2018
- Chapter
Will Urbanization Save the Chinese Economy or Destroy it?
By: Meg Rithmire
The Chinese leadership under Xi Jinping has announced its intentions to transition the economy from one driven by investment and exports to one driven by domestic demand. The main strategy to achieve this transformation involves massive state-led urbanization. This...
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Rithmire, Meg. "Will Urbanization Save the Chinese Economy or Destroy it?" Chap. 16 in The China Questions: Critical Insights into a Rising Power, edited by Jennifer Rudolph and Michael Szonyi. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
- August 16, 2004
- Other Article
Danmark går glip af ny vækstmodel [Denmark is Missing Out on a New Growth Model: Clusters]
By: Christian H.M. Ketels
Ketels, Christian H.M. "Danmark går glip af ny vækstmodel [Denmark is Missing Out on a New Growth Model: Clusters]." Mandag Morgen (August 16, 2004).
- 28 Sep 2008
- Other Presentation
Putting the Inner City First: Making the Case for an Inner City Economic Policy
- November 2018 (Revised April 2019)
- Technical Note
Saudi Arabia: A Brief Background
By: Kristin Fabbe, Natalie Kindred and Safwan Al-Amin
This note provides a brief overview of the history of Saudi Arabia as well as the economic and political context in 2018. The note is an essential supplement to the case “Almarai Company: Milk and Modernization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” HBS No. 719-020, but is...
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Keywords:
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia;
Public Policy;
Economic Development;
Monarchy;
Islam;
Gulf;
GCC;
Business And Government;
Vision 2030;
National Strategy;
Economic Diversification;
OPEC;
Oil;
Energy Policy;
Strategy;
Government and Politics;
Policy;
Diversification;
Economy;
Energy;
History;
Saudi Arabia;
Middle East
Fabbe, Kristin, Natalie Kindred, and Safwan Al-Amin. "Saudi Arabia: A Brief Background." Harvard Business School Technical Note 719-043, November 2018. (Revised April 2019.)
- December 2018
- Article
Introduction to Argentine Exceptionalism
By: Edward L. Glaeser, Rafael Di Tella and Lucas Llach
This article is an introduction to the special collection on Argentine Exceptionalism. First, we discuss why the case of Argentina is generally regarded as exceptional: the country was among the richest in the world at the beginning of the 20th century, but it...
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Glaeser, Edward L., Rafael Di Tella, and Lucas Llach. "Introduction to Argentine Exceptionalism." Latin American Economic Review 27, no. 1 (December 2018).
- Article
The Future of Economic, Business, and Social History
By: G. Jones, Marco H.D. van Leeuwen and Stephen Broadberry
Three leading scholars in the fields of business, economic, and social history review the current state of these disciplines and reflect on their future trajectory. Geoffrey Jones reviews the development of business history since its birth at the Harvard Business...
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Keywords:
Economic History;
Business History;
History;
Asia;
Africa;
Europe;
Latin America;
North and Central America
Jones, G., Marco H.D. van Leeuwen, and Stephen Broadberry. "The Future of Economic, Business, and Social History." Scandinavian Economic History Review 60, no. 3 (2012): 225–253.
- 2001
- Other Unpublished Work
Clusters of Innovation Initiative: San Diego
The study contains a conceptual framework for assessing the competitiveness of regional economies, an analysis of the San Diego region overall, as well as detailed assessments of two representative clusters—biotechnology/pharmaceuticals and communications. The report...
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Keywords:
Clusters;
Economics;
Industry Clusters;
Economy;
Growth and Development;
Biotechnology Industry;
Communications Industry;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
San Diego
Porter, Michael E. "Clusters of Innovation Initiative: San Diego." Council on Competitiveness, Washington, DC, May 2001. (Report.)
- 2001
- Other Unpublished Work
Clusters of Innovation: Regional Foundations of U.S. Competitiveness
Competitiveness has tended to be seen primarily from a federal perspective, and national policies and circumstances surely affect the prosperity of our economy. However, the Clusters of Innovation Initiative was undertaken with the realization that the real work of...
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Porter, Michael E. "Clusters of Innovation: Regional Foundations of U.S. Competitiveness." Council on Competitiveness, Washington, DC, October 2001. (Report.)
- 2013
- Working Paper
Entrepreneurs, Firms and Global Wealth since 1850
By: G. Jones
This working paper integrates the role of entrepreneurship and firms into debates on why Asia, Latin America and Africa were slow to catch up with the West following the Industrial Revolution and the advent of modern economic growth. It argues that the currently...
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Keywords:
Institutional Change;
Political Economy;
Emerging Economies;
Developing Countries;
Industrial Development;
Culture;
Human Capital;
Economic History;
History;
Wealth and Poverty;
Business History;
Emerging Markets;
Globalization;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Manufacturing Industry;
Mining Industry;
Service Industry;
Latin America;
Asia;
North and Central America;
Africa;
South America;
Europe
Jones, G. "Entrepreneurs, Firms and Global Wealth since 1850." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-076, March 2013.
- 2016
- Working Paper
Immigrant Entrepreneurship
By: Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr
We examine immigrant entrepreneurship and the survival and growth of immigrant-founded businesses over time relative to native-founded companies. Our work quantifies immigrant contributions to new firm creation in a wide variety of fields using multiple definitions....
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Keywords:
Immigrants;
Entrepreneurs;
Entry;
Firms;
Growth;
High-tech Marketing;
Venture Capital;
Entrepreneurship;
Immigration;
United States
Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. Kerr. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-011, July 2016. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22385, July 2016.)
- Research Summary
How Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Exploring the Effects of Financial Markets on Linkages (with Areendam Chanda, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Selin Sayek)
By: Laura Alfaro
The empirical literature finds mixed evidence on the
existence of positive productivity externalities in the host country
generated by foreign multinational companies. We propose a novel
mechanism, which emphasizes the role of local financial markets in
enabling...
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- 2022
- Chapter
Creating 'Smart' Policy to Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation
By: Karen G. Mills and Annie Dang
Entrepreneurship is a key to unlocking innovation and fostering regional and national economic productivity. Extensive studies demonstrate that small and young firms contribute to innovation and employment growth. But which of the many types of small firms are...
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Keywords:
Economic Policy;
High-growth;
Entrepreneurship;
Innovation and Invention;
Business Startups;
Economic Growth;
Policy;
United States
Mills, Karen G., and Annie Dang. "Creating 'Smart' Policy to Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation." In The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, edited by Michael J. Andrews, Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
- 2001
- Other Unpublished Work
Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Wichita
This study contains a conceptual framework for assessing the competitiveness of regional economies, an analysis of the Wichita region overall, as well as detailed assessments of two representative clusters—aerospace vehicles and defense and plastics. The report...
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Keywords:
Clusters;
Economics;
Industry Clusters;
Economy;
Growth and Development;
Industrial Products Industry;
Aerospace Industry;
Kansas
Porter, Michael E. "Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Wichita." Council on Competitiveness, Washington, DC, October 2001. (Report.)
- 2012
- Chapter
Physical, Social and Informational Barriers to Domestic Migration
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Tarun Khanna. "Physical, Social and Informational Barriers to Domestic Migration." Chap. 9 in Institutions and Comparative Economic Development, edited by Masahiko Aoki, Timur Kuran, and Gerard Roland. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
- October 2020
- Case
HOPE and Transformational Lending: Netflix Invests in Black Led Banks
By: John D. Macomber and Janice Broome Brooks
Following the killing of George Floyd on Memorial Day in 2020, the large US corporation Netflix elected to make a "transformational deposit" of $10 million into Hope Credit Union (HCU), a small Black led community development finance institution (CDFI) based in...
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- 2003
- Other Unpublished Work
Initiative for a Competitive Milwaukee: A Call to Action
The inner city of Milwaukee holds great promise, but is not advancing economically. The inner city has been hard hit by the loss of many of its largest employers as a result of relocation, acquisition and failure. According to the 2000 US Census data, thirty percent of...
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Porter, Michael E. "Initiative for a Competitive Milwaukee: A Call to Action." Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, September 2003. (Report.)
- 2015
- Working Paper
Moving to the Adjacent Possible: Discovering Paths for Export Diversification in Rwanda
By: Ricardo Hausmann and Jasmina Chauvin
How can Rwanda, which currently has one of the lowest levels of income and exports per capita in the world, grow and diversify its economy in presence of significant constraints? We analyze Rwanda's historical growth and trade performance and find that Rwanda's high...
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Keywords:
Export Diversification;
Industrialization;
Economic Complexity;
International Trade;
Rwanda;
Diversification;
Trade;
Transportation;
Developing Countries and Economies;
Rwanda
Hausmann, Ricardo, and Jasmina Chauvin. "Moving to the Adjacent Possible: Discovering Paths for Export Diversification in Rwanda." Center for International Development at Harvard University Working Paper, No. 24, April 2015.
- 2017
- Chapter
Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?
By: Laura Alfaro
Among the prominent economic trends in recent decades is the exponential increase in flows of goods and capital driven by technological progress and a falling number of restrictions. A key driver of this phenomenon has been the cross-border production, foreign...
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Keywords:
Multinational Activity;
Growth;
Spillovers;
Complementarities;
Foreign Direct Investment;
Emerging Markets;
Growth and Development;
Multinational Firms and Management
Alfaro, Laura. "Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?" In Geography, Location, and Strategy. Vol. 36, edited by Juan Alcácer, Bruce Kogut, Catherine Thomas, and Bernard Yin Yeung, 429–462. Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
- 2022
- Chapter
The Servicification of the U.S. Economy: The Role of Startups versus Incumbent Firms
By: Mercedes Delgado, J. Daniel Kim and Karen G. Mills
Over the last few decades, the U.S. economy has exhibited a significant shift from manufacturing towards services. This transition has been particularly prominent in an important subcategory of services industries that drives innovation and employs many high-wage...
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Keywords:
Servicification;
Supply Chain Industries;
STEM Labor;
Innovation;
Growth;
Entrepreneurship;
Innovation and Invention;
Economic Growth;
Policy;
Service Industry;
United States
Delgado, Mercedes, J. Daniel Kim, and Karen G. Mills. "The Servicification of the U.S. Economy: The Role of Startups versus Incumbent Firms." In The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, edited by Michael J. Andrews, Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.