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- All HBS Web
(3,335)
- People (18)
- News (680)
- Research (1,696)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (16)
- Faculty Publications (1,095)
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- 2024
- Working Paper
Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising
By: Brian K. Baik
I investigate whether and how private equity fund managers (GPs) inflate their interim fund valuations (net asset values or NAVs) during fundraising periods. Specifically, I study the extent to which the GPs inflate NAVs by managing valuation assumptions (e.g.,... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity; Institutional Investors; Valuation Multiples; Earnings Management; Private Firms; Valuation; Investment Funds
Baik, Brian K. "Private Equity Fund Valuation Management during Fundraising." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-013, August 2022. (Revised May 2024.)
- June 2018
- Background Note
Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model
By: Victoria Ivashina, Alexey Tuzikov and Abhijit Tagade
This note introduces an "LBO model," the main performance assessment and valuation technique used in the private equity industry. View Details
Ivashina, Victoria, Alexey Tuzikov, and Abhijit Tagade. "Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 218-106, June 2018.
- Forthcoming
- Article
The (Heterogenous) Economic Effects of Private Equity Buyouts
By: Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ben Lipsius, Josh Lerner and Javier Miranda
The effects of private equity buyouts on employment, productivity, and job reallocation vary
tremendously with macroeconomic and credit conditions, across private equity groups, and by
type of buyout. We reach this conclusion by examining the most extensive... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity Buyouts; Impact; Private Equity; Economics; Employment; Performance Productivity; Wages
Davis, Steven J., John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ben Lipsius, Josh Lerner, and Javier Miranda. "The (Heterogenous) Economic Effects of Private Equity Buyouts." Management Science (forthcoming). (Earlier version distributed as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 26371 and Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 20-030. Related discussion published as “Private Equity Buyout and Their Effects,” VoxEU, 2019.)
- 2022
- Book
Private Equity
By: Paul A. Gompers and Steven N. Kaplan
This Advanced Introduction provides an illustrative guide to private equity, integrating insights from academic research with examples to derive practical recommendations. Paul Gompers and Steven Kaplan begin by reviewing the history of private equity then exploring... View Details
Gompers, Paul A., and Steven N. Kaplan. Private Equity. Elgar Advanced Introductions. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
- October 2020 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Francisco Partners Private Credit Opportunity Fund
By: Luis M. Viceira, John D. Dionne, Soracha Prathanrasnikorn and Ari Sunshine
In April 2020, Scott Einsenberg, the Head of Credit at the private equity firm Francisco Partners, is deciding whether to go ahead with extending a private lending agreement to Eventbrite, Inc. (NYSE: EB), a leading global event management and online ticketing... View Details
Viceira, Luis M., John D. Dionne, Soracha Prathanrasnikorn, and Ari Sunshine. "Francisco Partners Private Credit Opportunity Fund." Harvard Business School Case 221-002, October 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
- 2012
- Chapter
Is Private Equity in Emerging Markets Coming of Age?: Evidence of the Mexican Private Equity Market
By: Roberto Charvel and Darek Klonowski
This chapters reviews the potential of the private equity and alternative assets industry in Mexico. View Details
Keywords: Private Equity; Emerging Markets; Latin America; Mexico; Entrepreneurial Finance; Business Ventures; Economics; Finance; Market Design; Financial Services Industry; Latin America; Mexico
Charvel, Roberto, and Darek Klonowski. "Is Private Equity in Emerging Markets Coming of Age? Evidence of the Mexican Private Equity Market." Chap. 22 in Private Equity in Emerging Markets: The New Frontiers of International Markets, edited by Darek Klonowski. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
- 2020
- Working Paper
An Empirical Guide to Investor-Level Private Equity Data from Preqin
By: Juliane Begenau, Claudia Robles-Garcia, Emil Siriwardane and Lulu Wang
This note provides guidance on the use of investor-level private equity data from Preqin for empirical research. Preqin primarily sources its cash flow data through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests with U.S. public pensions. Our focus is on the components of... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity Returns; Prequin Data; Private Equity; Analytics and Data Science; Investment Return
Begenau, Juliane, Claudia Robles-Garcia, Emil Siriwardane, and Lulu Wang. "An Empirical Guide to Investor-Level Private Equity Data from Preqin." Working Paper, December 2020.
- December 2012 (Revised January 2015)
- Technical Note
Early Career LBOs Using the Search Fund Model
By: Howard Stevenson, Michael Roberts and Jim Sharpe
The funded search model is one alternative for individuals who, at some point in their career, want to run their own companies. This note looks at the funded search, as a means to entrepreneurship through acquisition and describes the path to buy and run a business... View Details
Keywords: Search Funds; Search; Entrepreneurial Finance; Investor Behavior; Career Planning; Entrepreneurial Management; Fundraising; Negotiation; Entrepreneurship; Capital Structure; Borrowing and Debt; Personal Development and Career; Private Ownership; Acquisition; Finance; Leveraged Buyouts
Stevenson, Howard, Michael Roberts, and Jim Sharpe. "Early Career LBOs Using the Search Fund Model." Harvard Business School Technical Note 813-119, December 2012. (Revised January 2015.)
- January 2024
- Technical Note
Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds: A Primer
By: Jo Tango and Christina Wallace
How do venture capital and private equity funds actually work? This Technical Note covers the "when, who, and how" details:
- "When": fund length, extensions, and when investors can no longer initiate new investments.
- "Who": who is in the General... View Details
Tango, Jo, and Christina Wallace. "Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds: A Primer." Harvard Business School Technical Note 824-123, January 2024.
- April 2024
- Article
Fee Variation in Private Equity
By: Juliane Begenau and Emil N. Siriwardane
We study how investment fees vary within private-capital funds. Net-of-fee return clustering suggests that most funds have two tiers of fees, and we decompose differences across tiers into both management and performance-based fees. Managers of venture capital funds... View Details
Keywords: Pension Funds; Fee Dispersion; Search And Negotiation Frictions; Private Equity; Investment Funds
Begenau, Juliane, and Emil N. Siriwardane. "Fee Variation in Private Equity." Journal of Finance 79, no. 2 (April 2024): 1199–1247.
- October 2019
- Teaching Note
Granite Equity Partners
By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
This teaching note accompanies HBS case 219-040, “Granite Equity Partners,” which follows the private equity firm as it evaluates the potential acquisition of Tyrell Corp., a Minnesota-based quality control biomaterials company. Granite Equity’s fund was different from... View Details
- February 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
CalPERS Private Equity 2.0
By: Josh Lerner, John D. Dionne and Alys Ferragamo
Yup Kim, the Head of Investments, Private Equity at the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CalPERS), reflected on the pension fund’s private equity strategy. In July of 2022, the fund was in the midst of a multi-year turnaround strategy with the goal to... View Details
Lerner, Josh, John D. Dionne, and Alys Ferragamo. "CalPERS Private Equity 2.0." Harvard Business School Case 223-048, February 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
- May 2013 (Revised July 2014)
- Background Note
Private Equity Exits
By: Paul A. Gompers and Timothy Dore
This note presents statistics on private equity exits and discusses important issues relating to the most common exit routes. View Details
Keywords: Private Equity
Gompers, Paul A., and Timothy Dore. "Private Equity Exits." Harvard Business School Background Note 213-112, May 2013. (Revised July 2014.)
- 2023
- Chapter
Private Equity Financing
The goal of this chapter is to understand the common practices of PE funds’ structure and funding. The chapter covers three topics. First, it gives an overview of the traditional private equity (PE) financing structure; then, it discusses other investment vehicles like... View Details
Ivashina, Victoria. "Private Equity Financing." Chap. 4 in Private Equity and Entrepreneurial Finance. 1, edited by B. Espen Eckbo, Gordon M. Phillips, and Morten Sorensen, 139–160. Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Finance. Elsevier BV, 2023.
- September 2018
- Case
Granite Equity Partners
By: Victoria Ivashina and Jeffrey Boyar
This case follows Rick Bauerly, CEO of Minnesota-based Granite Equity Partners, a private equity firm that specialized in buying out retiring business owners in the Minnesota community. In 2007, Granite Equity was considering an investment in Tyrell Corp. (name... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity Exit; Investing; Fund Exit; Fund Management; Wealth Management; Liquidity; Buyout; Exit Strategy; Preferred Shares; Convertible Notes; Finance; Private Equity; Investment; Asset Management; Wealth; Management; Financial Liquidity
Ivashina, Victoria, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Granite Equity Partners." Harvard Business School Case 219-040, September 2018.
- January 2004 (Revised May 2004)
- Case
Montagu Private Equity (A)
By: G. Felda Hardymon, Josh Lerner and Ann Leamon
Describes the dilemma facing Chris Masterson, the head of HSBC's private equity division, in negotiating this team's buyout of its organization from HSBC, its corporate parent since 1992. Discusses the pros and cons of being a captive fund and the delicate balance... View Details
Hardymon, G. Felda, Josh Lerner, and Ann Leamon. "Montagu Private Equity (A)." Harvard Business School Case 804-051, January 2004. (Revised May 2004.)
- February 2021 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO
By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
During the 1980s, leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and the private equity (PE) firms responsible for carrying them out revolutionized both investment and management in the U.S. Between 1980 and 1989, buyout activity in the U.S. surged from $1 billion per year to $60 billion.... View Details
Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Restructuring; Borrowing and Debt; Private Equity; Bonds; Investment Return; Institutional Investing; Profit Sharing; Business History; Management Style; Private Ownership; Performance Effectiveness; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry; United States
Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO." Harvard Business School Case 821-016, February 2021. (Revised June 2021.)
- 16 Nov 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
Private Equity and COVID-19
- July 2022
- Article
Private Equity and COVID-19
By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
We survey more than 200 private equity (PE) managers from firms with $1.9 trillion of assets under management (AUM) about their portfolio performance, decisionmaking and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that PE managers have significant incentives to... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Health Pandemics; Private Equity; Management; Investment Portfolio; Performance; Decision Making; Value Creation
Gompers, Paul A., Steven N. Kaplan, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "Private Equity and COVID-19." Journal of Financial Intermediation 51 (July 2022).
- April 2017
- Article
Private Equity and Industry Performance
By: Shai Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen and Per Stromberg
The growth of the private equity industry has spurred concerns about its potential impact on the economy more generally. This analysis looks across nations and industries to assess the impact of private equity on industry performance. Industries where PE funds have... View Details
Bernstein, Shai, Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen, and Per Stromberg. "Private Equity and Industry Performance." Management Science 63, no. 4 (April 2017): 1198–1213.