Publications

2022
Working Paper

Measuring the Tolerance of the State: Theory and Application to Protest

By: Veli Andirin, Yusuf Neggers, Mehdi Shadmehr and Jesse M. Shapiro

We develop a measure of a regime's tolerance for an action by its citizens. We ground our measure in an economic model and apply it to the setting of political protest. In the model, a regime anticipating a protest can take a costly action to repress it. We define the... View Details

Keywords: Political Protests; Modeling And Analysis; Government and Politics; Conflict and Resolution

October 22, 2009
Article

Eboo Patel: Obama Faith Advisor Preaches Religious Tolerance

By: William W. George

Keywords: Religion; Government and Politics

October 2010
Article

Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance

By: Dana R. Carney, Amy J.C. Cuddy and Andy J. Yap

Humans and other animals express power through open, expansive postures and powerlessness through closed, constrictive postures. But can these postures actually cause power? As predicted, results revealed that posing in high-power (vs. low-power) nonverbal displays... View Details

Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Nonverbal Communication; Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Gender; Power and Influence

June 2019
Supplement

Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk; Risk Tolerance Exercise

By: Shikhar Ghosh

2017
Chapter

Innovation Policies

By: Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf

Past work has shown that failure tolerance by principals has the potential to stimulate innovation, but has not examined how this affects which projects principals will start. We demonstrate that failure tolerance has an equilibrium price – in terms of an investor’s... View Details

Keywords: Innovation; Investing; Abandonment Option; Failure Tolerance; Innovation and Invention; Venture Capital; Attitudes; Investment; Failure

2017
Working Paper

Innovation Policies

By: Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf

Past work has shown that failure tolerance by principals has the potential to stimulate innovation, but has not examined how this affects which projects principals will start. We demonstrate that failure tolerance has an equilibrium price ― in terms of an investor's... View Details

Keywords: Innovation; Investing; Abandonment Option; Failure Tolerance; Venture Capital; Attitudes; Investment; Failure; Innovation and Invention

SSRN

2016
Chapter

Financing Entrepreneurial Experimentation

By: Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf

Keywords: Innovation; Investing; Abandonment Option; Failure Tolerance; Risk and Uncertainty; Technological Innovation; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship

2015
Conference Presentation

Managing Failure in Pioneering Industries: Virgin Galactic, Legitimacy, and the 2014 Test Flight Crash

By: Luciana Silvestri and Anil Doshi

Keywords: Failure Tolerance; Innovation; Nascent Industries; Legitimacy; Cognition; Organizational Learning; Organizations; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Performance; Learning; Failure; Cognition and Thinking; Innovation and Invention; Aerospace Industry

Article

Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation

By: Matjaž Perc, Jillian J. Jordan, David G. Rand, Zhen Wang, Stefano Boccaletti and Attila Szolnoki

Extensive cooperation among unrelated individuals is unique to humans, who often sacrifice personal benefits for the common good and work together to achieve what they are unable to execute alone. The evolutionary success of our species is indeed due, to a large... View Details

Keywords: Human Cooperation; Evolutionary Game Theory; Public Goods; Reward; Punishment; Tolerance; Self-organization; Pattern Formation; Cooperation; Behavior; Game Theory

February 1986 (Revised June 2007)
Background Note

Constructing and Using Process Control Charts

Summarizes how to construct and use statistical process control charts. Gives several examples. Discusses tolerances using control charts for debugging. View Details

Keywords: Production; Analysis

Educators

Article

The Allure of Unknown Outcomes: Exploring the Role of Uncertainty in the Preference for Potential

By: Daniella Kupor, Zakary L. Tormala and Michael I. Norton

Influence practitioners often highlight a target's achievements (e.g., "she is the city's top-rated chef"), but recent research reveals that highlighting a target's potential (e.g., "she could become the city's top-rated chef") can be more effective. We examine whether... View Details

Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Forecasting and Prediction; Performance Evaluation

January 1995 (Revised June 1995)
Case

Managing Conflict in a Diverse Workplace

Consists of several vignettes and discussion points around issues of conflict in the workplace. Issues presented are differences of race, gender, nationality, culture, religion; access to power, training, advancement; tolerance of style of management, language,... View Details

Keywords: Conflict Management; Working Conditions; Diversity Characteristics

Educators

April 1984 (Revised May 1984)
Background Note

The Psychology of Waiting Lines

Discusses the experience of waiting and the factors that affect customers' tolerance for waits. Eight (testable) propositions concerning the psychology of queues are presented, together with specific managerial advice. View Details

Keywords: Customers; Behavior

Educators

2013
Article

Historical Legacies, Modern Conflicts: State Consolidation and Religious Pluralism in Greece and Turkey

By: Kristin Fabbe

Through a comparative study of state consolidation processes and the acceptance of religious tolerance in Greece and Turkey, this piece shows that there is often a direct link between strategies of state building, the creation of state identities, and contemporary... View Details

Keywords: Religion; Government and Politics; Power and Influence; Turkey; Greece

20 Mar 2019
Working Paper Summaries

In the Shadows? Informal Enterprise in Non-Democracies

Keywords: by Kristin Fabbe, Allison Spencer Hartnett, and Steve L. Monroe

July 1998 (Revised February 1999)
Case

Private Communications Corporation (A)

Ann Meceda is a soon-to-be MBA graduate. She has been working as the director of marketing in an Internet start-up, and now the founder wants her to become CEO. She must weigh the personal and business risks and assess her own objectives and tolerance for risks. View Details

Keywords: Risk Management; Internet and the Web; Management Succession; Marketing; Personal Development and Career; Business Startups; Service Industry

September 26, 2023
Article

10 Signs Your Company Is Resistant to Change

By: Frances X. Frei and Anne Morriss

In their new book, Move Fast and Fix Things, Frances Frei and Anne Morriss outline five strategies to help leaders tackle their hardest problems and quickly make change. The first step is to identify the real problem you need to solve. Often that’s not clear... View Details

Keywords: Problems and Challenges; Business or Company Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation

29 Aug 2018
Working Paper Summaries

How Much Does Your Boss Make? The Effects of Salary Comparisons

Keywords: by Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

2023
Working Paper

What Do Impact Investors Do Differently?

By: Shawn Cole, Leslie Jeng, Josh Lerner, Natalia Rigol and Benjamin N. Roth

In recent years, impact investors – private investors who seek to generate simultaneously financial and social returns – have attracted intense interest and controversy. We analyze a novel, comprehensive data set of impact and traditional investors to assess how the... View Details

Keywords: ESG; Socially Responsible Investing; Investment Decisions; Public Goods; Impact Investment; Investment; Private Equity; Venture Capital

SSRN