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- December 2013 (Revised September 2017)
- Case
Atlanta Schools: Measures to Improve Performance
By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred
The widespread cheating scandal that rocked the Atlanta public school system in 2010 and 2011 illustrates how high-stakes performance pressure, without sufficient risk controls, can drive dangerous behavior. After becoming superintendent of the low-income and... View Details
Keywords: Atlanta; Test; Testing; Standardized Test; Standardized Testing; No Child Left Behind; NCLB; Cheating; Performance Pressure; Measurement; Incentives; Atlanta Public Schools; Management; Leadership; Ethics; Performance; Performance Evaluation; Performance Expectations; Risk Management; Education; Education Industry; United States; Georgia (state, US); Atlanta
Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Atlanta Schools: Measures to Improve Performance." Harvard Business School Case 114-001, December 2013. (Revised September 2017.)
- January 2008
- Background Note
Measuring Investment Performance
By: Andre F. Perold and Kenneth A. Froot
Examines various approaches to measuring investment performance. The approaches include the use of risk exposure and the Sharpe and Information Ratios. Applies the approaches to a variety of mutual funds to demonstrate the effect of using different metrics to measure... View Details
Keywords: Financial Management; Investment; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Measurement and Metrics; Performance; Risk and Uncertainty
Perold, Andre F., and Kenneth A. Froot. "Measuring Investment Performance." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-110, January 2008.
- 2007
- Chapter
Measuring Performance
Leonard, Herman B. "Measuring Performance." In Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector, by Jane Wei-Skillern, James Austin, Herman Leonard, and Howard Stevenson. Sage Publications, 2007.
- February 2007
- Tutorial
Measuring Marketing Performance
By: John A. Quelch
In many organizations, marketing exists far from the executive suite and the boardroom. This tutorial instructs students how to improve the link between high level corporate strategy and the marketing function. First, students are exposed to three companies in which... View Details
- June 2001
- Article
Balancing Performance Measures
By: S. Datar, S. Kulp and R. Lambert
Datar, S., S. Kulp, and R. Lambert. "Balancing Performance Measures." Journal of Accounting Research 39, no. 1 (June 2001): 75–92.
- 1998
- Chapter
Divisional Performance Measurement
By: Michael Jensen
Jensen, Michael. "Divisional Performance Measurement." In Foundations of Organizational Strategy, by Michael C. Jensen, 345–361. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.
- May 1998 (Revised February 2007)
- Background Note
Measuring Mutual Fund Performance
By: Andre F. Perold and Markus Mullarkey
Examines various approaches to measuring mutual fund performance. The approaches include the use of risk exposure and the Sharpe Ratio, as well as the Morningstar star system for rating mutual funds. Applies the approaches to a variety of mutual funds to demonstrate... View Details
Perold, Andre F., and Markus Mullarkey. "Measuring Mutual Fund Performance." Harvard Business School Background Note 298-139, May 1998. (Revised February 2007.)
- January – February 1991
- Article
The Performance Measurement Manifesto
By: Robert G. Eccles Jr.
Eccles, Robert G., Jr. "The Performance Measurement Manifesto." Harvard Business Review 69, no. 1 (January–February 1991).
- June 2014 (Revised February 2017)
- Teaching Note
Atlanta Schools: Measures to Improve Performance
By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred
This is the teaching note for Atlanta Schools: Measures to Improve Performance (HBS No. 114-001) View Details
- Research Summary
Performance Measurement and Incentive Alignment
Professor Kulp is interested in how organizations use information to enhance firm performance. The manner in which an organization gathers, analyzes, and uses performance information as part of its internal governance system affects organizational success. Professor... View Details
- 07 Oct 2009
- Working Paper Summaries
Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement
- 02 Oct 2015
- Working Paper Summaries
Is Mandatory Nonfinancial Performance Measurement Beneficial?
- December 1999 (Revised December 2012)
- Background Note
Measuring Interim Period Performance
By: David F. Hawkins
Covers interim period accounting objectives, theories, and practices. Special financial analysis concerns related to this topic are discussed. A rewritten version of an earlier note. View Details
Keywords: Accounting; Business Ventures; Policy; Management Practices and Processes; Measurement and Metrics; Performance Evaluation
Hawkins, David F. "Measuring Interim Period Performance." Harvard Business School Background Note 100-002, December 1999. (Revised December 2012.)
- February 1993 (Revised May 1993)
- Background Note
Responsibility Centers and Performance Measurement
By: William J. Bruns Jr.
Introduces the concepts of responsibility centers and performance measurement. Expense centers, financial responsibilities such as profit centers, and investment centers are introduced, defined, and illustrated with simple examples. View Details
Bruns, William J., Jr. "Responsibility Centers and Performance Measurement." Harvard Business School Background Note 193-101, February 1993. (Revised May 1993.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement
By: Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling
This paper discusses five common divisional performance measurement methods—cost centers, revenue centers, profit centers, investment centers, and expense centers—providing a theory that explains when each of these methods is likely to be the most efficient. The... View Details
Keywords: Business Units; Business Headquarters; Decisions; Cost; Investment; Investment Return; Profit; Revenue; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Managerial Roles; Performance Efficiency; Strategy
Jensen, Michael C., and William H. Meckling. "Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-025, September 2009.
- October 1995 (Revised January 1999)
- Case
Western Chemical Corporation: Divisional Performance Measurement (A)
By: William J. Bruns Jr. and Roger Atherton
The president and controller of Western Chemical Corp. are discussing the best way to measure and report performance of foreign subsidiaries. One subsidiary is a joint venture with its own borrowing capacity; another is wholly owned; and a third is wholly owned and... View Details
Bruns, William J., Jr., and Roger Atherton. "Western Chemical Corporation: Divisional Performance Measurement (A)." Harvard Business School Case 196-079, October 1995. (Revised January 1999.)
- 14 Dec 2011
- Research & Ideas
The New Measures for Improving Nonprofit Performance
couple of your comments, Mario, that I believe are critical to emphasize. Going back to your point about the differences and similarities of performance measurement in the for-profit and nonprofit sectors,... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna
- June 1992
- Article
Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement
By: George P. Baker
Baker, George P. "Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement." Journal of Political Economy (June 1992).
- March 1999 (Revised April 2017)
- Teaching Note
Citibank: Performance Evaluation
By: Robert Simons and Antonio Dávila
Teaching Note for (9-198-048). View Details
- Article
Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?
By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in... View Details
Keywords: Relational Contracts; Performance Measurement; Informal Management; Balanced Scorecard; Economics; Mathematical Methods
Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).