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- People (16)
- News (1,522)
- Research (7,023)
- Events (9)
- Multimedia (43)
- Faculty Publications (5,337)
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- September 2014 (Revised July 2018)
- Case
adidas Group: IT Multi-Sourcing
By: Lynda M. Applegate, Martin Wiener, Carol Saunders and Grandon Gill
This case describes the design and implementation of an IT-multi-sourcing strategy at a large global sportswear company, the adidas Group, which is headquartered in Germany. To help increase the benefits and reduce the risks of its sourcing arrangements, adidas...
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Keywords:
IT Strategy;
Outsourcing;
Organizational Structure;
Information Technology;
Strategy;
Sports Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Germany
Applegate, Lynda M., Martin Wiener, Carol Saunders, and Grandon Gill. "adidas Group: IT Multi-Sourcing." Harvard Business School Case 815-002, September 2014. (Revised July 2018.)
- October 2018
- Article
Strategy and the Strategist: How it Matters Who Develops the Strategy
This paper addresses primarily two questions. First, when (and why) should a company’s strategy be developed by its CEO versus by some outside analyst or other insider? Second, how does strategy interact with vision (in the sense of a strong belief about the right...
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Van den Steen, Eric J. "Strategy and the Strategist: How it Matters Who Develops the Strategy." Management Science 64, no. 10 (October 2018): 4533–4551.
- September 2007 (Revised November 2008)
- Case
Sinopec: Refining its Strategy
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Julia Galef
China's oil industry, with majority ownership vested in the government, had engaged in an "equity oil" strategy for the past few years-acquiring equity interests in oil producing nations including Sudan, Angola, and Iran. Outside critics, however, suggested that the...
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Keywords:
Non-Renewable Energy;
Equity;
Foreign Direct Investment;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Demand and Consumers;
State Ownership;
Energy Industry;
China
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Julia Galef. "Sinopec: Refining its Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 708-018, September 2007. (Revised November 2008.)
- April 2020 (Revised January 2021)
- Module Note
Crafting Strategy
This note provides an introduction to crafting strategy following an options-led approach. It provides an overview of scenario planning, and it prepares students to describe firm strategy with succinct strategy statements. The note also briefly outlines other...
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Keywords:
Strategy Formulation;
Options;
Scenario Planning;
Scenarios;
Strategy Definition;
Strategy;
Strategic Planning
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Ashish Nanda, and Jan Rivkin. "Crafting Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 720-407, April 2020. (Revised January 2021.)
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Technical Note
Strategy and Strategic Thinking
This note gives managers a concrete perspective on what ‘a strategy’ really is, what makes a decision ‘strategic,’ and what ‘strategic thinking’ means. It also gives them practical frameworks to assess whether some set of decisions is really a strategy and how to...
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Keywords:
Strategic Alignment;
Strategy Definition;
Strategy And Execution;
Strategy Test;
Strategy;
Strategic Planning;
Decision Making
Van den Steen, Eric. "Strategy and Strategic Thinking." Harvard Business School Technical Note 721-431, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- April–June 2015
- Article
It Doesn't Matter If Competitors Know Your Strategy
It is difficult for people to implement what they don't understand. Yet, research indicates that, on average, more than 50% of employees in organizations say they do not understand their organization's strategy. Further, the percentage of people reporting ignorance of...
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Cespedes, Frank V. "It Doesn't Matter If Competitors Know Your Strategy." ThinkSales (April–June 2015), 10–11.
- August 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 2: Building a Successful Strategy
By: Robert Simons
This module reading describes the basics of building a successful strategy. Topics in this module include a discussion of the distinction between corporate and business strategy; how to conduct a SWOT analysis of market dynamics and internal capabilities; the use of...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Strategy Execution;
Business Strategy;
Five Forces;
Distinctive Capabilities;
Emergent Strategy;
Mission Statements;
Strategy;
SWOT Analysis;
Competitive Advantage
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 2: Building a Successful Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-102, August 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
- November 2003 (Revised December 2003)
- Case
Enabling Business Strategy with IT at the World Bank
By: F. Warren McFarlan and Brian DeLacey
World Bank IT provides services (communications, applications, video conferencing, knowledge sharing, distance learning, information sharing, client commerce, crisis management, etc.) on a global basis to the poorest countries in the globe via satellites. This case...
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Keywords:
Information Infrastructure;
Globalized Economies and Regions;
Information Technology;
Global Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Banks and Banking;
Banking Industry
McFarlan, F. Warren, and Brian DeLacey. "Enabling Business Strategy with IT at the World Bank." Harvard Business School Case 304-055, November 2003. (Revised December 2003.)
- June 10, 2022
- Article
Does Your Company’s Culture Reinforce Its Strategy and Purpose?
By: Hubert Joly
Good strategy has traditionally been seen as the key to business success. More recently, purpose has become an essential element of doing business. But something else is missing: culture, or the essential elements of how an organization and its employees behave, as...
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Joly, Hubert. "Does Your Company’s Culture Reinforce Its Strategy and Purpose?" Harvard Business Review (website) (June 10, 2022).
- Article
The Strategy in Competitive Interactions
This paper reviews, discusses, and expands the “core guidance” definition of strategy as “the smallest set of choices to optimally guide (or force) other choices.” It first discusses what this definition contributes to the existing proposed definitions. It then...
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Keywords:
Strategy Formulation;
Strategy Definition;
Strategy;
Competition;
Analysis;
Competitive Strategy;
Decision Making
Van den Steen, Eric J. "The Strategy in Competitive Interactions." Strategy Science 3, no. 4 (December 2018): 574–591.
- August 2017
- Article
A Formal Theory of Strategy
What makes a decision strategic? When is strategy most important? This paper formally studies these questions, starting from a (functional) definition of strategy as “the smallest set of choices to optimally guide (or force) other choices.” The paper shows that this...
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Van den Steen, Eric J. "A Formal Theory of Strategy." Management Science 63, no. 8 (August 2017): 2616–2636.
- November 2011
- Article
Social Strategies That Work
By: Mikolaj Jan Piskorski
Although most companies have collected lots of friends and followers on social platforms such as Facebook, few have succeeded in generating profits there. That's because they merely port their digital strategies into social environments by broadcasting their commercial...
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Keywords:
Social Platforms;
Social Strategies;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Customers;
Relationships;
Business Strategy;
Profit
Piskorski, Mikolaj Jan. "Social Strategies That Work." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 11 (November 2011): 116–122.
- January 2006 (Revised December 2006)
- Module Note
Introduction to International Strategy
By: David J. Collis and Jordan I. Siegel
Provides an overview framework for understanding international strategy. Observes that international strategy draws on much of the same theory as corporate strategy. The same tests that can be applied to justify expansion across businesses--the better off and ownership...
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Collis, David J., and Jordan I. Siegel. "Introduction to International Strategy." Harvard Business School Module Note 706-481, January 2006. (Revised December 2006.)
- 2016
- Chapter
The Organization of Non-market Strategy
By: Dylan B. Minor
The purpose of this paper is to explore how firms organize to engage in non-market strategy. To achieve this end, we explore the organization of non-market strategy via a formal model of the firm. The model is motivated by a qualitative study of the organization of...
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Keywords:
Non-market Strategy;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Strategy;
Organizational Design;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Minor, Dylan B. "The Organization of Non-market Strategy." In Strategy Beyond Markets. Vol. 34, edited by John de Figueiredo, Michael Lenox, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, and Rick Vanden Bergh, 413–436. Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Group Publishing, 2016.
- May 9, 2024
- Article
Business Education Is Broken: Here Are Strategies to Fix It
By: Andrew J. Hoffman
Business schools have lost their way. Students are schooled in a system that, having raised the standard of living for millions of people over centuries, is now facing systemic failures in both the environmental and social domains—failures that market forces cause and,...
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Keywords:
Education Reform;
Business And Society;
Climate Change;
Equality and Inequality;
Environmental Sustainability;
Business Education
Hoffman, Andrew J. "Business Education Is Broken: Here Are Strategies to Fix It." Inspiring Minds (May 9, 2024).
- May 2013 (Revised March 2014)
- Case
Strategy and the Strategist
This short case presents a series of brief accounts, observations, and quotations that challenge students to think about the role of the CEO — and of the CEO's (possibly strong) beliefs and convictions — in strategy. It focuses in particular on three issues and their...
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Keywords:
Belief Systems;
Strategic Analysis;
Competitive Advantage;
Values;
Vision;
Strategy And Leadership;
Strategy;
Leadership;
Values and Beliefs
Van den Steen, Eric. "Strategy and the Strategist." Harvard Business School Case 713-533, May 2013. (Revised March 2014.)
- March 2017 (Revised May 2017)
- Teaching Note
The Strategy Execution Series
By: Robert Simons and Jennifer Packard
This is the teaching note for the 15-module Strategy Execution series. New management tools and techniques are needed to implement strategy in the 21st century. Rapid innovation, entrepreneurial competitors, and increasingly demanding customers have radically altered...
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Keywords:
Management Control Systems;
Implementing Strategy;
Strategy Execution;
Performance Measurement;
Profit Planning;
Organization Design;
Profitable Growth;
Management Attention;
Organizational Conflict;
Job Design;
Business Strategy;
Management Systems;
Entrepreneurship;
Competition;
Organizational Design;
Performance Evaluation;
Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
- March 2009 (Revised May 2009)
- Background Note
Executing Strategy
By: J. Bruce Harreld
This is a note to introduce the principles for effectively implementing a new strategy. It emphasizes the interdependence of strategy and execution in developing and sustaining superior competitive performance. Primarily based on the notion that strategy should be a...
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Harreld, J. Bruce. "Executing Strategy." Harvard Business School Background Note 809-126, March 2009. (Revised May 2009.)
- 2012
- Working Paper
Why Every Company Needs a CSR Strategy and How to Build It
By: Kash Rangan, Lisa Chase and Sohel Karim
The authors argue for a strategic and pragmatic, rather than ideological, approach to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that contrasts sharply with the prevailing Shared Value framework offered by Porter and Kramer (HBR; Jan.-Feb. 2011). We assert that, despite...
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Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Corporate Strategy;
Values and Beliefs;
Profit;
Practice
Rangan, Kash, Lisa Chase, and Sohel Karim. "Why Every Company Needs a CSR Strategy and How to Build It." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-088, April 2012.
- September 2010
- Article
Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
We analyze the optimal strategy of a high-quality incumbent that faces a low-quality ad-sponsored competitor. In addition to competing through adjustments of tactical variables such as price or the number of ads a product carries, we allow the incumbent to consider...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Business Models;
Tactics;
Pricing;
Business Model;
Advertising;
Competition;
Quality;
Price;
Product Marketing
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals." Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1484–1499.