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- May–June 2019
- Article
U-Shaped Conformity in Online Social Networks
By: Monic Sun, Michael Zhang and Feng Zhu
We explore how people balance their needs to belong and to be different from their friends by studying their choices of a virtual-house wall color on a leading Chinese social-networking site. The setting enables us to randomize both the popular color and the adoption...
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Keywords:
Conformity;
Normative Social Influence;
Social Networks;
Field Experiment;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Behavior;
Attitudes;
Social Media
Sun, Monic, Michael Zhang, and Feng Zhu. "U-Shaped Conformity in Online Social Networks." Marketing Science 38, no. 3 (May–June 2019): 461–480.
- 2020
- Chapter
Conformity
By: Lumumba Babushe Seegars and Patricia Faison Hewlin
Seegars, Lumumba Babushe, and Patricia Faison Hewlin. "Conformity." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, edited by Virgil Zeigler-Hill and Todd K. Shackelford, 831–836. Springer, 2020.
- 2013
- Working Paper
The Impact of Conformance and Experiential Quality on Healthcare Cost and Clinical Performance
By: Claire Senot, Aravind Chandrasekaran, Peter T. Ward and Anita L. Tucker
The quality of operational processes is an important driver of performance in hospitals. In particular, processes that reliably deliver both evidence-based and patient-centered care, which we call conformance and experiential quality, respectively, have been argued to...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Experiential Quality;
Conformance Quality;
Clinical Outcomes;
Cost Efficiency;
Quality;
Service Operations;
Health Care and Treatment;
Performance;
Outcome or Result;
Health Industry
Senot, Claire, Aravind Chandrasekaran, Peter T. Ward, and Anita L. Tucker. "The Impact of Conformance and Experiential Quality on Healthcare Cost and Clinical Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-024, September 2013.
- January 1993
- Article
Models for Measuring and Accounting for Cost of Conformance Quality
By: P. Nandakumar, S. Datar and R. Akella
Nandakumar, P., S. Datar, and R. Akella. "Models for Measuring and Accounting for Cost of Conformance Quality." Management Science 39, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–16.
- 27 Sep 2013
- Working Paper Summaries
The Impact of Conformance and Experiential Quality on Healthcare Cost and Clinical Performance
- January – February 2008
- Article
Managing the Impact of Employee Turnover on Performance: The Role of Process Conformance
By: Zeynep Ton and Robert S. Huckman
We examine the impact of employee turnover on operating performance in settings that require high levels of knowledge exploitation. Using 48 months of turnover data from U.S. stores of a major retail chain, we find that, on average, employee turnover is associated with...
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Keywords:
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Governance Compliance;
Retention;
Standards;
Service Operations;
Business Processes;
Retail Industry;
United States
Ton, Zeynep, and Robert S. Huckman. "Managing the Impact of Employee Turnover on Performance: The Role of Process Conformance." Organization Science 19, no. 1 (January–February 2008): 56–68.
- 2015
- Working Paper
Understanding Conformity: An Experimental Investigation
By: B. Douglas Bernheim and Christine L Exley
Some theories of conformity hold that social equilibrium either standardizes inferences or promotes a shared understanding of conventions and norms among individuals with fixed heterogeneous preferences (belief mechanisms). Others depict tastes as fluid and hence...
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Keywords:
Conformity;
Norms;
Image Motivation;
Prosocial Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Behavior;
Standards
Bernheim, B. Douglas, and Christine L Exley. "Understanding Conformity: An Experimental Investigation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-070, December 2015.
- July 2004
- Article
Reacting to an Assumed Situation vs. Conforming to an Assumed Reaction: The Role of Perceived Speaker Attitude in Vicarious Dissonance
By: Benoit Monin, Michael I. Norton, Joel Cooper and Michael A. Hogg
Keywords:
Perception
Monin, Benoit, Michael I. Norton, Joel Cooper, and Michael A. Hogg. "Reacting to an Assumed Situation vs. Conforming to an Assumed Reaction: The Role of Perceived Speaker Attitude in Vicarious Dissonance." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 7, no. 3 (July 2004): 207–220.
- June 2015 (Revised May 2017)
- Teaching Note
Philips Healthcare: Marketing the HealthSuite Digital Platform
By: John A. Quelch
- 13 Nov 2008
- Working Paper Summaries
The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality
Keywords:
by Zeynep Ton
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Origins of CE Marking: Standards, Business, and the European Market in the 1980s–1990s
By: Grace Ballor
Many products—from consumer electronics to machinery to children’s toys—bear the CE Mark, the symbol of conformity to the ‘essential requirements’ of European standards governed by the process of CE Marking. This working paper traces the development of the system of...
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Keywords:
Business And Government;
Market Liberalization;
Standards;
Markets;
Trade;
Integration;
Business History;
Globalization;
Business and Government Relations;
Europe;
European Union
Ballor, Grace. "The Origins of CE Marking: Standards, Business, and the European Market in the 1980s–1990s." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-142, June 2021.
- June 2014
- Article
The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence from Signals of Nonconformity
By: Silvia Bellezza, Francesca Gino and Anat Keinan
We examine how people react to nonconforming behaviors, such as entering a luxury boutique wearing gym clothes rather than an elegant outfit or wearing red sneakers in a professional setting. Nonconforming behaviors, as costly and visible signals, can act as a...
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Bellezza, Silvia, Francesca Gino, and Anat Keinan. "The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence from Signals of Nonconformity." Journal of Consumer Research 41, no. 1 (June 2014): 35–54. (Finalist, 2017 Best Article Award for a paper published in JCR in 2014.))
- September 1998
- Case
McDonald's: International Expansion Strategy
By: Gary W. Loveman and Sabina M. Ciminero
James Cantalupo, CEO of McDonald's International, and top management have a few months to decide how the McDonald's brand should be transferred into India. Faced with the challenges presented by the Indian market--80% of Indians are Hindus and cherish cows as sacred...
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- November 1989 (Revised January 1990)
- Case
Paul Revere Insurance Co. (C): Competing For the Baldrige Award--The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Exercise
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award requires firms to submit applications that conform to a rigorous quality-assessment system. This case consists of several parts of a service company's 1988 Baldrige application together with material from the Malcolm Baldrige...
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Hart, Christopher. "Paul Revere Insurance Co. (C): Competing For the Baldrige Award--The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Exercise." Harvard Business School Case 690-002, November 1989. (Revised January 1990.)
- 2009
- Chapter
Government as Risk Manager
By: Tom Baker and David Moss
We explain the four basic ways to manage risk: prevention, risk shifting, risk spreading, and loss control. We set out five principles of effective government risk management gleaned from extensive historical study: (1) link responsibility and control, (2) manage moral...
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Baker, Tom, and David Moss. "Government as Risk Manager." Chap. 4 in New Perspectives on Regulation, edited by David Moss and John Cisternino, 87–109. Cambridge, MA: Tobin Project, 2009.
- 2008
- Working Paper
The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality
By: Zeynep Ton
Determining staffing levels is an important decision in retail operations. While the costs of increasing labor are obvious and easy to measure, the benefits are often indirect and not immediately felt. One benefit of increased labor is improved quality. The objective...
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Keywords:
Profit;
Selection and Staffing;
Service Delivery;
Business Processes;
Quality;
Retail Industry
Ton, Zeynep. "The Effect of Labor on Profitability: The Role of Quality." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-040, September 2008. (Revised July 2009.)
- November 2022 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group
By: Maria P. Roche, Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez and Amy Klopfenstein
This case describes the efforts of City Football Group (CFG) to purchase Esporte Clube Bahia (Bahia), a Brazilian professional soccer club. CFG’s strategy was to acquire under-performing clubs worldwide, invest money in high-profile players, and improve the teams’...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Business Conglomerates;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Markets;
Demand and Consumers;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Organizations;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Sports;
Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Sports Industry;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
England;
South America;
Brazil
Roche, Maria P., Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez, and Amy Klopfenstein. "The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group." Harvard Business School Case 723-391, November 2022. (Revised February 2024.)
- Spring 2016
- Article
Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design
By: Kevin J. Boudreau, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael E. Menietti
Tournaments are widely used in the economy to organize production and innovation. We study individual contestant-level data from 2,796 contestants in 774 software algorithm design contests with random assignment. Precisely conforming to theory predictions, the...
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Boudreau, Kevin J., Karim R. Lakhani, and Michael E. Menietti. "Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design." RAND Journal of Economics 47, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 140–165.
- October 2011
- Case
Levendary Cafe: The China Challenge
By: Christopher A. Bartlett and Arar Han
Just weeks into her new job, Mia Foster, a first time CEO with no international management experience, is faced with a major challenge at Levendary Cafe, a $10 billion US-based fast food chain. Strategically, many of her corporate staff have become concerned that the...
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Keywords:
Globalization;
International Management;
Foreign Subsidiaries;
General Managers;
Strategy;
Management Style;
Strategic Planning;
Business Subsidiaries;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Adaptation;
Entrepreneurship;
Relationships;
Standards;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Retail Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
China;
United States
Bartlett, Christopher A., and Arar Han. "Levendary Cafe: The China Challenge." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-357, October 2011.
- December 2004 (Revised August 2005)
- Case
Managing a Public Image: Sophie Chen
By: Robin J. Ely and Ingrid Vargas
Sophie Chen, an Asian-American MBA student at Harvard Business School, describes a professional situation in which she was unable to mentor a junior person effectively because she disapproved of the way her Asian-American mentee conformed to an ethnic stereotype....
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Ely, Robin J., and Ingrid Vargas. "Managing a Public Image: Sophie Chen." Harvard Business School Case 405-052, December 2004. (Revised August 2005.)